I-Glomerulonephritis

IGlomerulonephritis wuhlobo lwesifo sezinso lapho ingxenye yezinso zakho esiza ukuhlunga imfucuza noketshezi oluvela egazini kulimala.

Iyunithi yokuhlunga izinso ibizwa ngokuthi i-glomerulus. Inso ngalinye linezinkulungwane zama-glomeruli. Ama-glomeruli asiza umzimba ukuthi ususe izinto eziyingozi.

I-Glomerulonephritis ingabangelwa izinkinga zesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela. Imvamisa, imbangela ngqo yalesi simo ayaziwa.

Ukulimala kwe-glomeruli kudala ukuthi kulahleke igazi namaprotheni emchameni.

Isimo singakhula ngokushesha, futhi ukusebenza kwezinso kulahleka kungakapheli amasonto noma izinyanga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-glomerulonephritis eqhubeka ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu abane-glomerulonephritis engapheli abanamlando wesifo sezinso.

Okulandelayo kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho kulesi simo:

• Ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwegazi noma lwe-lymphatic
• Ukuvezwa kuma-solvents we-hydrocarbon
• Umlando womdlavuza
• Ukutheleleka okufana nokutheleleka nge-strep, amagciwane, izifo zenhliziyo, noma amathumba

Izimo eziningi zibangela noma zandisa ubungozi be-glomerulonephritis, kufaka phakathi:

• I-Amyloidosis (ukuphazamiseka lapho iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid yakhela ezithweni nasezicukweni)
• Ukuphazamiseka okuthinta ulwelwesi lwangaphansi kwe-glomerular, ingxenye yesinso esiza ukuhlunga imfucuza noketshezi olungeziwe egazini
• Izifo zemithambo yegazi, njenge-vasculitis noma i-polyarteritis
• I-Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (ukusikwa kwe-glomeruli)
• I-anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (ukuphazamiseka lapho amasosha omzimba ahlasela khona i-glomeruli)
• I-analgesic nephropathy syndrome (isifo sezinso ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okunzima kokunciphisa izinhlungu, ikakhulukazi ama-NSAID)
• I-Henoch-Schönlein purpura (isifo esifaka amabala ansomi esikhunjeni, ubuhlungu bamalunga, izinkinga zamathumbu kanye ne-glomerulonephritis)
• I-IgA nephropathy (ukuphazamiseka lapho amasosha omzimba abizwa nge-IgA akha ezicutshini zezinso)
• I-Lupus nephritis (inkinga yezinso ye-lupus)
• I-Membranoproliferative GN (ifomu le-glomerulonephritis ngenxa yokwakhiwa okungavamile kwama-antibodies ezinso)

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-glomerulonephritis yilezi:

• Igazi emchameni (umchamo omnyama, ombala wokugqwala, noma onsundu)
• Umchamo we-foam (ngenxa yamaprotheni amaningi ngokweqile)
• Ukuvuvukala (i-edema) kobuso, amehlo, amaqakala, izinyawo, imilenze noma isisu

Izimpawu zingafaka futhi okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Igazi emhlanzweni noma endle
• Ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula okuncane
• Uhudo
• Ukuchama ngokweqile
• Imfiva
• Ukugula okujwayelekile, ukukhathala, nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Izinhlungu ezihlangene noma zemisipha
• Wakhala igazi

Izimpawu zesifo esingapheliyo sezinso zingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwezinso ezingamahlalakhona zingakhula kancane kancane.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zingakhula kancane, lesi sifo singatholwa lapho uhlolwa ngokuchama ngokungajwayelekile ngesikhathi somzimba ojwayelekile noma ngokuhlolelwa esinye isimo.

Izimpawu ze-glomerulonephritis zingafaka:

• Ukushoda kwegazi
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Izimpawu zokuncipha kwezinso

I-biopsy yezinso iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Kamuva, kungabonakala izimpawu zesifo esingapheli sezinso, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuvuvukala kwemizwa (i-polyneuropathy)
• Izimpawu zokugcwala oketshezi, kufaka phakathi imisindo yenhliziyo namaphaphu engajwayelekile
• Ukuvuvukala (i-edema)

Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Iskena se-CT esiswini
• Izinso ultrasound
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-pyelogram efakwa emithanjeni (IVP)

Ukuhlolwa komchamo nezinye izivivinyo zomchamo kufaka:

• Imvume ye-Creatinine
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
• Amaprotheni aphelele
• Uric acid emchameni
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlushwa komchamo
• I-creatinine yomchamo
• Amaprotheni omchamo
• Umchamo RBC
• Umchamo wamandla adonsela phansi womchamo
• Umchamo osmolality

Lesi sifo singadala nemiphumela engajwayelekile kokuhlolwa kwegazi okulandelayo:

• I-albhamuin
• Isivivinyo se-membrane anti-antibody
• Ama-antibodies e-Antineutrophil cytoplasmic (ANCAs)
• Amasosha omzimba aphikisayo
• BUN futhi creatinine
• Qedela amazinga

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu sokuphazamiseka, nohlobo nobukhulu bezimpawu. Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme imvamisa kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa.

Imithi engabhalwa ifaka phakathi:

• Izidakamizwa zengcindezi yegazi, zivame ukuguqula ama-enzyme inhibitors nama-angiotensin receptor blockers
• Ama-Corticosteroids
• Izidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha omzimba

Inqubo ebizwa nge-plasmapheresis kwesinye isikhathi ingasetshenziselwa i-glomerulonephritis ebangelwa izinkinga zomzimba. Ingxenye yegazi equkethe uketshezi lomzimba iyasuswa bese kufakwa okusamanzi okufaka emithanjeni noma iplasma enikelwe (engenawo amasosha omzimba). Ukususa ama-antibodies kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zezinso.

Ungadinga ukukhawulela ekudleni kwakho i-sodium, uketshezi, amaprotheni nezinye izinto.

Abantu abanalesi simo kufanele babhekelwe ngeso lokhozi izimpawu zokuhluleka ukusebenza kwezinso. I-Dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso kungadingeka ekugcineni.

Imvamisa unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina amaqembu okusekela lapho amalungu abelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga.

I-Glomerulonephritis ingahle ibe yesikhashana futhi iguquke, noma ingahle ibe yimbi kakhulu. Ukuqhubeka kwe-glomerulonephritis kungaholela ku:

• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona
• Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwezinso
• Isifo sezinso sokugcina

Uma une-nephrotic syndrome futhi ingalawulwa, ungahle ukwazi ukulawula ezinye izimpawu. Uma ingeke ilawulwe, ungahle uhlaselwe yisifo sezinso sokugcina.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma:

• Unesimo esandisa ubungozi bakho be-glomerulonephritis
• Uba nezimpawu ze-glomerulonephritis

Izimo eziningi ze-glomerulonephritis azikwazi ukuvinjelwa. Ezinye izimo zingavinjelwa ngokugwema noma ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwama-organic solvents, i-mercury, kanye ne-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs).

I-Glomerulonephritis - engapheli; Nephritis okungamahlalakhona; Isifo se-Glomerular; I-Necrotizing glomerulonephritis; I-Glomerulonephritis - i-crescentic; Icrescentic glomerulonephritis; I-glomerulonephritis eqhubeka ngokushesha

• Ukwakheka kwezinso
• I-Glomerulus nephron

URadhakrishnan J, Appel GB, D'Agati VD. Isifo se-glomerular sesibili. Ku: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, ama-eds. IBrenner neRector's The Kidney. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 32.

Reich HN, ICattran DC. Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis. Ku: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, ama-eds. IBrenner neRector's The Kidney. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 33.

USaha MK, iPendergraft WF, uJennette JC, uFalk RJ. Isifo esiyisisekelo se-glomerular. Ku: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, ama-eds. IBrenner neRector's The Kidney. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 31.