Imithi yokwelashwa kwamathambo

I-osteoporosis yisifo esidala ukuthi amathambo aqine futhi abe nethuba lokuphuka (break). Nge-osteoporosis, amathambo alahlekelwa ukuqina. Ubuningi bamathambo inani lezicubu zethambo ezibaliwe ezisemathanjeni akho.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi ethile ukusiza ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuhlukana. Le mithi ingenza amathambo ezinqeni zakho, umgogodla nakwezinye izindawo mancane amathuba okuthi aphule.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi lapho:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesisindo samathambo kukhombisa ukuthi une-osteoporosis, noma ngabe awukaze uqhekeke ngaphambili, kepha ingozi yakho yokuqhekeka iphezulu.
• Unokuphuka kwethambo, futhi ukuhlolwa kwamathambo kukhombisa ukuthi unomzimba omncane kunamathambo ajwayelekile, kepha hhayi i-osteoporosis.
• Unokuphuka kwethambo okwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimala okuphawulekayo.

Ama-bisphosphonates yimithi eyinhloko esetshenziselwa kokubili ukuvimbela nokwelapha ukulahleka kwethambo. Zivame ukuthathwa ngomlomo. Ungaphuza iphilisi kanye kanye ngesonto noma kanye ngenyanga. Futhi ungathola ama-bisphosphonates ngomthambo (IV). Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenziwa kanye noma kabili ngonyaka.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ene-bisphosphonates ethathwe ngomlomo ukushisa kwenhliziyo, isicanucanu, nobuhlungu esiswini. Uma uthatha ama-bisphosphonates:

• Bathathe ngesisu esingenalutho ekuseni ngama-ounces ayi-6 kuya kwayi-8 (oz), noma ama-milliliters angama-200 kuye kwangama-250 (mL), wamanzi angenalutho (hhayi amanzi anekhabhoni noma ujusi).
• Ngemuva kokuphuza iphilisi, hlala uhleli noma umile okungenani imizuzu engama-30.
• Ungadli noma uphuze okungenani imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengu-60.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yile:

• Izinga le-calcium ephansi yegazi
• Uhlobo oluthile lokwephuka kwemilenze yethambo (femur)
• Ukulimala kwethambo lomhlathi
• Ngokushesha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile (i-atrial fibrillation)

Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-5. Ukwenza kanjalo kunciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela ethile emibi. Lokhu kubizwa ngeholide lezidakamizwa.

I-Raloxifene (i-Evista) nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelapha i-osteoporosis.

• Inganciphisa ubungozi bokuphuka komgogodla, kepha hhayi ezinye izinhlobo zokuphuka.
• Umphumela omubi kakhulu ubungozi obuncane kakhulu bamahlule egazini emithanjeni yemilenze noma emaphashini.
• Lesi sidakamizwa singasiza futhi ukwehlisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza webele.
• Amanye ama-modulators we-estrogen receptor (SERMs) akhethiwe nawo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-osteoporosis.

IDenosumab (Prolia) ngumuthi ovimbela amathambo ukuthi abe ntekenteke kakhudlwana. Lo muthi:

• Unikezwa njengomjovo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
• Kwangathi kungandisa ubukhulu bamathambo ngaphezu kwama-bisphosphonates.
• Ngokuvamile akuyona indlela yokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala.
• Kungenzeka kungabi ukukhetha okuhle kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma abathatha imithi ethinta amasosha omzimba.

I-Teriparatide (i-Forteo) iyinhlobo ye-bio-engineered ye-hormone ye-parathyroid. Lo muthi:

• Ingakhuphula ubukhulu bamathambo futhi yehlise ubungozi bokuqhekeka.
• Inikezwa njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba ekhaya, imvamisa nsuku zonke.
• Kubonakala sengathi ayinayo imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside, kepha kungadala isicanucanu, isiyezi, noma amajaqamba omlenze.

I-Estrogen, noma i-hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Lo muthi:

• Iphumelela kakhulu ekuvikeleni nasekwelapheni i-osteoporosis.
• Kwakuwumuthi we-osteoporosis osetshenziswa kakhulu iminyaka eminingi. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwehlile ngenxa yokukhathazeka ukuthi lo muthi ubanga isifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza webele, namahlule egazi.
• Kuyindlela enhle kwabesifazane abaningi abasebasha (iminyaka engama-50 kuye kwengama-60 ubudala). Uma owesifazane esethatha i-estrogen, yena nodokotela wakhe kufanele baxoxe ngobungozi nezinzuzo zokwenza kanjalo.

I-Romosuzomab (Evenity) ihlose indlela ye-hormone ethanjeni ebizwa nge-sclerostin. Lo muthi:

• Inikezwa nyangazonke njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba unyaka owodwa.
• Iyasebenza ekukhuleni kwamathambo.
• Kungenza amazinga e-calcium abe phansi kakhulu.
• Kungenzeka kwandise ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.

I-hormone ye-Parathyroid

• Lo muthi unikezwa njengezibhamu zansuku zonke ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi uzokufundisa ukuthi ungazinikeza kanjani lezi zibhamu ekhaya.
• I-hormone ye-Parathyroid isebenza kangcono uma ungakaze uthathe ama-bisphosphonates.

ICalcitonin ngumuthi owephuza izinga lokulahleka kwamathambo. Lo muthi:

• Kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa ngemuva kokuphuka kwethambo ngoba inciphisa ubuhlungu bethambo.
• Isebenza kancane kangako kune-bisphosphonates.
• Iza njengesifutho samakhala noma umjovo.

Shayela udokotela wakho lezi zimpawu noma imiphumela emibi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba, isilungulela, noma izinkinga zokugwinya
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Igazi esitokisini sakho
• Ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ububomvu komunye wemilenze yakho
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Ubuhlungu ethangeni lakho noma enqulwini
• Ubuhlungu emhlathini wakho

I-Alendronate (Fosamax); Ibandronate (Boniva); Ukuhlelwa kabusha (Actonel); I-Zoledronic acid (Reclast); Raloxifene (Evista); I-Teriparatide (Forteo); IDenosumab (iProlia); Romosozumab (Ubusuku); Ubuningi bamathambo - imithi; I-osteoporosis - imithi

• I-osteoporosis

UDe Paula FJA, uMnyama Omnyama, uRosen CJ. I-osteoporosis: izici eziyisisekelo nezomtholampilo. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 30.

U-Eastell R, uRosen CJ, uBlack DM, uCheung AM, uMurad MH, uShoback D. Ukuphathwa kwemithi yokwelashwa kwamathambo kwabesifazane abangemva kokuya esikhathini: i-Endocrine Society * Umhlahlandlela Wokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. UJ Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 104 (5): 1595-1622. I-PMID: 30907953 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30907953/.

• I-osteoporosis