Izingozi zokuphuza ngaphansi kweminyaka

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala akuyona inkinga yabantu abadala kuphela. Iningi labantu asebekhulile baseMelika baphuze utshwala phakathi nenyanga edlule. Ukuphuza kungaholela ekuziphatheni okuyingozi nokuyingozi.

Ukuthomba neminyaka yobusha kuyisikhathi soshintsho. Ingane yakho kungenzeka ukuthi isanda kuqala isikole esiphakeme noma isanda kuthola ilayisense yokushayela. Bangaba nomuzwa wenkululeko ababengakaze babe nayo ngaphambili.

Intsha inelukuluku lokwazi. Bafuna ukuhlola nokwenza izinto ngendlela yabo. Kepha ingcindezi yokungena ngaphakathi ingenza kube nzima ukumelana notshwala uma kubonakala sengathi wonke umuntu uyabuzama.

Lapho ingane iqala ukuphuza ingakayihlanganisi iminyaka engu-15, inamathuba amaningi okuthi iphuze isikhathi eside, noma ibe inkinga yokuphuza. Cishe ingane eyodwa kwengu-5 ibhekwa njengabaphuza izinkinga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

• Dakwa
• Yiba nezingozi ezihlobene nokuphuza
• Ngena enkingeni ngomthetho, imindeni yabo, abangane, izikole, noma abantu obathandayo

Isikhathi esihle sokuqala ukukhuluma nengane yakho ngezidakamizwa notshwala manje. Izingane ezineminyaka yobudala eyi-9 zingahle zifise ukwazi ukuphuza futhi zingazama notshwala.

Ukuphuza kungaholela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezidala ukulimala. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kusho ukuthi kungenzeka noma ikuphi kokulandelayo:

• Ukushayisana kwezimoto
• Ukuwa, ukuminza nezinye izingozi
• Ukuzibulala
• Udlame nokubulala
• Ukuba isisulu sobugebengu obunodlame

Ukuphuza utshwala kungaholela ekuziphatheni okuyingozi kwezocansi. Lokhu kwandisa ubungozi be:

• Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
• Ukukhulelwa okungafunwa
• Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi noma ukudlwengulwa

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, utshwala obuningi bulimaza amangqamuzana obuchopho. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuziphatha kanye nomonakalo ohlala njalo kwimemori, ekucabangeni nasekwahluleleni. Intsha ephuza ijwayele ukwenza kabi esikoleni futhi isimilo sayo singayifaka enkingeni.

Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kotshwala isikhathi eside ebuchosheni ingahlala impilo yonke. Ukuphuza futhi kudala ingozi ephezulu yokudangala, ukukhathazeka nokuzethemba okuphansi.

Ukuphuza ngesikhathi sokuthomba nakho kungashintsha ama-hormone emzimbeni. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ukukhula nokuthomba.

Ukuphuza ngokweqile ngasikhathi sinye kungadala ukulimala okungathi sína noma ukufa ngenxa yobuthi botshwala. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuba neziphuzo ezimbalwa njengezingu-4 kungakapheli amahora amabili.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho iyaphuza kodwa ngeke ikhulume nawe ngayo, thola usizo. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho angaba yindawo enhle yokuqala. Ezinye izinsiza zifaka:

• Izibhedlela zendawo
• Izinhlangano zomphakathi noma ezizimele zezempilo yengqondo
• Abeluleki esikoleni sengane yakho
• Izikhungo zezempilo zabafundi
• Izinhlelo ezinjengeSmart Recovery Help Yentsha kanye Nabantu Abadala Abancane noma i-Alateen, okuyingxenye yohlelo lwe-Al-Anon

Ukuphuza okuyingozi - intsha; Utshwala - ukuphuza abancane; Inkinga ukuphuza ngaphansi kweminyaka; Ukuphuza izingane ezingaphansi - izingozi

I-American Psychiatric Association. Ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nezidakamizwa nokulutha. Incwajana yokuxilonga neyezibalo yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika; 2013: 481-590.

UBo A, Hai AH, uJaccard J. Ukungenelela okususelwa kubazali emiphumeleni yokusebenzisa utshwala kwentsha: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. Utshwala Bezidakamizwa Buyancika. 2018; 191: 98-109. I-PMID: 30096640 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30096640/.

UGilligan C, uWolfenden L, uFoxcroft DR, et al. Izinhlelo zokuvikela umndeni ezisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kubantu abasha. Isikhungo sedatha yeCochrane Rev. 2019; 3 (3): CD012287. I-PMID: 30888061 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30888061/.

I-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism iwebhusayithi. Ukuhlolwa kotshwala kanye nokungenelela okufushane kwentsha: umhlahlandlela wabasebenzi. www.niaaa.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/YouthGuide.pdf. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 9, 2020.

• Ukuphuza Ngaphansi Kweminyaka