Ukushoda kweFactor X

Ukushoda kweFactor X (ishumi) yisifo esidalwa wukungabikho kweprotheni ebizwa nge-factor X egazini. Kuholela ezinkingeni zokuqina kwegazi (coagulation).

Lapho wopha, uchungechunge lwezinto ezenzekayo emzimbeni olusiza ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-coagulation cascade. Kubandakanya amaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-coagulation, noma ama-clotting, factor. Ungaba nethuba eliphakeme lokopha ngokweqile uma eyodwa noma eziningi zalezi zinto zilahlekile noma zingasebenzi ngendlela okufanele zenze ngayo.

I-Factor X ingesinye sezici ze-coagulation. Ukushoda kwe-Factor X kuvame ukubangelwa ukukhubazeka okuzuzwe njengefa ku-factor X factor. Lokhu kubizwa ngokushoda kwe-factor X. Ukopha kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi kakhulu kuye ngokuthi kushoda kangakanani.

Ukushoda kweFactor X kungabangelwa esinye isimo noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokushoda kwe-factor X okutholakele. Ukutholakala kwesici X kuvamile. Kungabangelwa:

• Ukuntuleka kukavithamini K (ezinye izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwa zinokushoda kukavithamini K)
• Ukwakhiwa kwamaprotheni angavamile ezicutshini nasezithombeni (amyloidosis)
• Isifo esibi sesibindi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi evimbela ama-clotting (ama-anticoagulants anjenge-warfarin)

Abesifazane abanenkinga ye-factor X bangaqala ukutholakala lapho bephuma kakhulu esikhathini futhi bephuma igazi ngemuva kokubeletha. Lesi simo singaqashelwa okokuqala kubafana abasanda kuzalwa uma bephuma igazi elihlala isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ngemuva kokusoka.

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukopha emalungeni
• Ukopha emisipheni
• Ukulimaza kalula
• Ukopha okukhulu kokuya esikhathini
• Ukopha kolwelwesi lwamafinyila
• Ukopha okungapheli kalula
• Umbilical cord opha ngemuva kokuzalwa

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Isilinganiso se-Factor X
• Isikhathi esithile se-thromboplastin (PTT)
• Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT)

Ukopha kungalawulwa ngokuthola ukumuncwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) kwe-plasma noma ukugxilisa ingqondo ezintweni ezijiyisayo. Uma untula uvithamini K, udokotela wakho uzokunika uvithamini K ozowathatha ngomlomo, ngemijovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba, noma ngomthambo (ngemithambo).

Uma unale nkinga yokopha, qiniseka ukuthi:

• Tshela abahlinzeki bakho bokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngaphambi kokuba ube nenqubo ethile, okubandakanya ukuhlinzwa nomsebenzi wamazinyo.
• Tshela amalungu omndeni wakho ngoba angahle abe nokuphazamiseka okufanayo kepha awazi okwamanje.

Lezi zinsizakusebenza zinganikeza imininingwane eminingi ngokushoda kwe-factor X:

• INational Hemophilia Foundation: Okunye Ukushoda Kwesici - www.hemophilia.org/Bleeding-Disorders/Typees-of-Beeding-Disorders/Other-Factor-Deficiencies
• Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yezinkinga Ezingajwayelekile --rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/factor-x-deficiency
• Isethenjwa Sasekhaya se-NIH - ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/factor-x-deficiency

Umphumela muhle uma isimo simnene noma uthola ukwelashwa.

Ukushoda kwesici X njengefa yisimo sempilo yonke.

Umbono wokuntuleka kwesici X okutholakele kuncike embangela. Uma sibangelwa yisifo sesibindi, umphumela uncike ekutheni isifo sakho sesibindi singelashwa kanjani. Ukuthatha izithasiselo zikavithamini K kuzokwelapha ukushoda kwevithamini K. Uma lesi sifo sibangelwa i-amyloidosis, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okuningi.

Ukopha kakhulu noma ukulahleka kwegazi okungazelelwe (ukopha) kungenzeka. Amalunga angahle akhubazeke ezifweni ezinzima ezivela ekuphumeni kwegazi okuningi.

Thola usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo uma ulahlekelwe igazi ngokungachazeki noma kanzima.

Akukho ukuvimbela okwaziwayo kokuntuleka kwesici X. Lapho ukuntuleka kukavithamini K kuyimbangela, ukusebenzisa uvithamini K kungasiza.

Ukushoda kweStuart-Prower

• Ukwakheka kwegazi
• Amahlule egazi

UGailani D, Wheeler AP, Neff AT. Ukukhubazeka okujwayelekile kwe-coagulation factor. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 137.

IHholo JE. I-hemostasis negazi coagulation. Ku: IHholo JE, kuhleliwe. Incwadi kaGuyton neHholo yePhysical Physiology. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 37.

I-Ragni MV. Ukuphazamiseka kokopha: ukuswela kwe-coagulation factor. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 174.