Kusatshalaliswe isifo sofuba

Isifo sofuba esisatshalalisiwe yisifo se-mycobacterial lapho i-mycobacteria isakaze khona isuka emaphashini iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngegazi noma nge-lymph system.

Ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba (i-TB) kungakhula ngemuva kokuphefumula ngamaconsi afuthwe emoyeni ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula komuntu onalesi sifo Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium ibhaktheriya. Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okuba khona kubizwa nge-TB eyinhloko.

Indawo ejwayelekile ye-TB amaphaphu (i-pulmonary TB), kepha ezinye izitho zingabandakanyeka. E-United States, abantu abaningi abanofuba oluyinhloko baba ngcono futhi abanabo obunye ubufakazi besifo. I-TB esatshalaliswa iba nenani elincane labantu abangenwe amasosha omzimba abo aqukethe ngempumelelo ukutheleleka okuyinhloko.

Isifo esisatshalalisiwe singenzeka kungakapheli amasonto ukutheleleka okuyinhloko. Kwesinye isikhathi, akwenzeki kuze kube yiminyaka ngemuva kokutheleleka. Usethubeni lokuthi uthole lolu hlobo lwe-TB uma unesifo samasosha omzimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo (njenge-AIDS) noma imithi ethile. Izinsana nabantu abadala asebekhulile nabo basengozini enkulu.

Ingozi yakho yokuthola i-TB iyanda uma:

• Bakhona eduze kwabantu abanesifo (njengasesikhathini sokuhamba phesheya kwezilwandle)
• Phila ezindaweni eziminyene noma ezingcolile
• Yiba nokudla okunomsoco

Izici ezilandelayo zingakhuphula izinga lokutheleleka nge-TB kubantu:

• Ukwanda kokutheleleka nge-HIV
• Ukwanda kwenani labantu abangenamakhaya abanezindlu ezingazinzile (imvelo engeyinhle nokudla okunempilo)
• Ukuvela kwezinhlobo ze-TB ezingazweli emithini

Isifo sofuba esisatshalalisiwe singathinta izindawo eziningi zomzimba ezihlukene. Izimpawu zincike ezindaweni ezithintekile zomzimba futhi zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuvuvukala
• Amakhaza
• Ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula okuncane
• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Ukungakhululeki okuvamile, ukungakhululeki, noma ukugula (malaise)
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile ngenxa ye-anemia (pallor)
• Ukujuluka
• Izindlala ezivuvukile
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kungakhombisa:

• Sivuvukile isibindi
• Ama-lymph node avuvukile
• Ukuvuvukala ubende

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• Ama-Biopsies namasiko ezinhlaka ezithintekile noma izicubu
• I-Bronchoscopy ye-biopsy noma isiko
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yendawo ethintekile
• I-Fundoscopy ingaveza izilonda ze-retina
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Interferon-gamma kukhipha ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-QFT-Gold ukuhlola ukutholakala kwe-TB ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• I-biopsy yamaphaphu
• Isiko le-Mycobacterial lomnkantsha noma igazi
• I-Pleural biopsy
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-tuberculin (ukuhlolwa kwe-PPD)
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela namasiko
• Thoracentesis

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngemithi elwa namagciwane e-TB. Ukwelashwa kwe-TB esatshalaliswa kubandakanya inhlanganisela yemithi eminingi (imvamisa i-4). Yonke imithi iyaqhubeka kuze kube ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kukhombisa ukuthi yikuphi okusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ungadinga ukuthi uphuze amaphilisi amaningi ahlukene izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uphuze amaphilisi ngendlela umhlinzeki wakho ayale ngayo.

Lapho abantu bengayiphuzi imishanguzo yabo ye-TB njengokuyalelwa, ukutheleleka kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwelashwa. Amagciwane e-TB angazwela ekwelashweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithi ayisasebenzi.

Lapho kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi umuntu angeke ayithathe yonke imithi njengoba eyalelwe, umhlinzeki angadinga ukubuka lowo muntu ethatha imithi enqunyiwe. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okubhekwe ngqo. Kulesi simo, imithi inganikezwa amahlandla ama-2 noma ama-3 ngeviki, njengoba kubekiwe ngumhlinzeki.

Ungadinga ukuhlala ekhaya noma ungeniswe esibhedlela amasonto amabili kuya kwamane ukuze ugweme ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye uze ungabe usathathelana.

Umhlinzeki wakho kungadingeka ngokomthetho ukuthi abike ukugula kwakho kwe-TB emnyangweni wezempilo wendawo. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu.

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-TB esatshalaliswa zisabela kahle ekwelashweni. Izicubu ezithintekile, njengamathambo noma amalunga, zingaba nomonakalo onomphela ngenxa yokutheleleka.

Izinkinga ze-TB esatshalaliswa zingafaka:

• Isifo sabantu abadala sokuphefumula (ARDS)
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi
• Ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu
• Ukubuya kwesifo

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-TB ingadala imiphumela emibi, okubandakanya:

• Izinguquko embonweni
• Izinyembezi nomchamo onombala osawolintshi noma onsundu
• I-Rash
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi

Ukuhlolwa kombono kungenziwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukuze udokotela wakho abheke noma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni yamehlo akho.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma wazi noma usola ukuthi usengozini ye-TB. Zonke izinhlobo ze-TB nokuchayeka kudinga ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okusheshayo.

I-TB iyisifo esivikelekayo, ngisho nakulabo asebeke batholakala kumuntu onegciwane. Ukuhlolelwa i-TB kwesikhumba kusetshenziswa kubantu abasengozini enkulu noma kubantu okungenzeka ukuthi bavezwa i-TB, njengabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Abantu abaye bavezwa yi-TB kufanele bahlolwe isikhumba ngokushesha futhi bahlolelwe futhi kamuva, uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungenayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okusho ukuthi usuhlangane namagciwane e-TB. Akusho ukuthi unesifo esisebenzayo noma uyathathelana. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuthola isifo sofuba.

Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwe-TB kusuka kulabo abane-TB esebenzayo kuya kulabo abangakaze batheleleke nge-TB.

Amanye amazwe anezifo eziningi ze-TB anika abantu umuthi wokugoma (obizwa nge-BCG) wokuvikela i-TB. Ukusebenza kwalo mgomo kunomkhawulo futhi akusetshenziswa njalo e-United States.

Abantu abake baba ne-BCG basengahlolwa isikhumba i-TB. Xoxa ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa (uma ikhona) nomhlinzeki wakho.

Isifo sofuba se-Miliary; Isifo sofuba - sisatshalaliswa; Isifo sofuba esengeziwe

• Isifo sofuba ezinso
• Isifo sofuba emaphashini
• Amaphaphu wesisebenzi samalahle - i-x-ray yesifuba
• Isifo sofuba, esithuthukile - ama-x-ray esifubeni
• Isifo sofuba se-Miliary
• I-Erythema multiforme, izilonda eziyindilinga - izandla
• I-Erythema nodosum ehlotshaniswa ne-sarcoidosis
• Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi

U-Ellner JJ, uJacobson KR. Isifo sofuba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 308.

UFitzgerald DW, uSterling TR, uHaas DW. Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 249.