Isinusitis

I-Sinusitis ikhona lapho izicubu ezigcwala ezonweni ziyavuvukala noma zivuthe. Kwenzeka njengomphumela wokuphendula kokuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka okuvela kwigciwane, amagciwane noma ukhunta.

Izono yizikhala ezigcwaliswe emoyeni ogebhezini. Zitholakala ngemuva kwesiphongo, amathambo empumulo, izihlathi namehlo. Izono ezinempilo aziqukethe amabhaktheriya noma amanye amagciwane. Isikhathi esiningi, amafinyila uyakwazi ukuphuma futhi umoya uyakwazi ukugeleza ngezono.

Lapho ukuvuleka kwesono kuvinjelwe noma kukha amafinyila amaningi, amagciwane namanye amagciwane angakhula kalula.

I-Sinusitis ingavela kwesinye salezi zimo:

• Izinwele ezincane (cilia) ezisezonweni zehluleka ukukhipha kahle amafinyila. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.
• Imikhuhlane kanye ne-allergies kungadala ukuthi kwenziwe amafinyila amaningi noma kuvimbe ukuvuleka kwezono.
• I-septum yamakhala ekhethiwe, i-nasal bone spur, noma ama-polyp nasal angavimba ukuvuleka kwezono.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-sinusitis:

• I-acute sinusitis kulapho izimpawu zikhona amaviki ama-4 noma ngaphansi. Kubangelwa amagciwane akhula ezonweni.
• I-sinusitis engapheli yilapho ukuvuvukala kwezono kukhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kungabangelwa amagciwane noma ukhunta.
• I-Subacute sinusitis kulapho ukuvuvukala kukhona phakathi kwenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu.

Lokhu okulandelayo kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuthi umuntu omdala noma ingane izoba ne-sinusitis:

• I-allergen rhinitis noma i-hay fever
• ICystic fibrosis
• Ukuya enkulisa
• Izifo ezivimbela i-cilia ukuthi isebenze kahle
• Izinguquko ekuphakameni (ukundiza noma ukuhamba nge-scuba)
• Ama-adenoid amakhulu
• Ukubhema
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka avela kwi-HIV noma ngamakhemikhali
• Izakhiwo zesono ezingavamile

Izimpawu ze-acute sinusitis kubantu abadala zivame ukulandela umkhuhlane ongabi ngcono noma oba mubi kakhulu ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-10. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuphefumula kabi noma ukulahleka kwephunga
• Ukukhwehlela, kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu ebusuku
• Ukukhathala kanye nomuzwa ojwayelekile wokugula
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu obufana nengcindezi, ubuhlungu ngemuva kwamehlo, ubuhlungu bamazinyo, noma ukuthamba kobuso
• Ukucindezela kwamakhala nokukhipha
• Ukudonsa komphimbo nokudonsa kwangemva kokubeletha

Izimpawu ze-sinusitis engapheli ziyafana nalezo ze-acute sinusitis. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zivame ukuba mandla futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kunamasonto ayi-12.

Izimpawu zesinusitis ezinganeni zifaka:

• Izifo ezibandayo noma zokuphefumula ebezilokhu ziba ngcono bese ziqala ukuba zimbi kakhulu
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu, kanye nokukhishwa kwamakhala okumnyama, okuhlala okungenani izinsuku ezintathu
• Ukukhishwa kwe-Nasal, noma ngaphandle kokukhwehlela, obe khona izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 futhi akuthuthuki

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlolela wena noma ingane yakho nge-sinusitis ngo:

• Ukubheka emakhaleni ukuthola izimpawu zama-polyps
• Shining a light against the sinus (transillumination) for izimpawu zokuvuvukala
• Ukushaya indawo yesinusi ukuthola ukutheleleka

Umhlinzeki angabuka ama-sinus nge-fiberoptic scope (ebizwa nge-nasal endoscopy noma i-rhinoscopy) ukuthola i-sinusitis. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa odokotela abagxile ezinkingeni zezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (ENTs).

Ukucabanga izivivinyo ezingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukwelashwa yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwezono ukusiza ukuxilonga i-sinusitis noma ukubuka amathambo nezicubu zezono
• I-MRI yezono uma kungenzeka kube nesimila noma ukutheleleka kwefungal

Isikhathi esiningi, ama-x-ray avamile wezono awahlolisisi kahle i-sinusitis.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ine-sinusitis engapheli noma eqhubeka ibuya, okunye ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-HIV noma okunye ukuhlolwa kokungasebenzi kahle komzimba
• Umsebenzi wokuhlola we-Ciliary
• Isiko le-Nasal
• I-cytology yezikhala
• Sweat chloride test for cystic fibrosis

UKUZINAKEKELA

Zama lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ukunciphisa ukugxila ezonweni zakho:

• Faka indwangu yokufudumala, emanzi ebusweni bakho izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi ukuze unciphise amafinyila.
• Faka umusi izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-4 ngosuku (ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi uhleli endlini yokugezela kune-shawa egijima).
• Futha ngosawoti wamakhala izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier.
• Sebenzisa ibhodwe le-Neti noma i-saline cindezela ibhodlela ukuze ukhiphe izoni.

Qaphela ukusetshenziswa kwama-counter-the-counter spray anti-decalantine njenge-oxymetazoline (Afrin) noma i-neosynephrine. Zingasiza ekuqaleni, kepha ukuzisebenzisa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-5 kungenza ukuqina kwamakhala kube kubi kakhulu futhi kuholele ekuthembekeni.

Ukusiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu besono noma ingcindezi:

• Gwema ukundiza lapho uminyene.
• Gwema ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa, nokugoba phambili ikhanda lakho libheke phansi.
• Zama i-acetaminophen noma ibuprofen.

IMITHI KANYE NOKWELASHWA

Isikhathi esiningi, ama-antibiotic awadingeki kwi-sinusitis ebukhali. Iningi lalezi zifo liyazimela lodwa. Ngisho noma ama-antibiotic esiza, anganciphisa kancane isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ukutheleleka kuphele. Ama-antibiotic maningi amathuba okuthi anikezwe ngokushesha kwe:

• Izingane ezinokuphuma kwamakhala, mhlawumbe ezinokukhwehlela, ezingabi ngcono emva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu
• Imfiva ephakeme kuno-102.2 ° F (39 ° C)
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda noma ubuhlungu ebusweni
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu okuzungeze amehlo

I-sinusitis enamandla kufanele iphathwe izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14. I-sinusitis engapheli kufanele ilashwe amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane.

Ngesinye isikhathi, umhlinzeki wakho uzobheka:

• Eminye imithi kadokotela
• Ukuhlolwa okuningi
• Ukudluliselwa endlebeni, ekhaleni, nasemphinjeni noma kuchwepheshe bokungezwani komzimba

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kwe-sinusitis zifaka:

• Ukudubula kokungezwani komzimba (i-immunotherapy) ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuthi isifo singabuyi
• Ukugwema izimbangela zokungezwani komzimba
• Izifutho ze-Nasal corticosteroid nama-antihistamine ukwehlisa ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ama-polyp nasal noma i-allergies
• Ama-corticosteroids omlomo

Ukuhlinzwa ukukhulisa ukuvulwa kwesinisi nokukhipha izinkwa nakho kungadingeka. Ungayibheka le nqubo uma:

• Izimpawu zakho azipheli ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu zokwelashwa.
• Uneziqephu ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 noma ezi-3 ze-acute sinusitis unyaka ngamunye.

Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-fungal sinus kudinga ukuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa i-septum ephambukile noma ama-polyp acinene kungavimbela isimo ukuthi singabuyi.

Ukutheleleka okuningi kwesono kungalapheka ngezinyathelo zokuzinakekela kanye nokwelashwa. Uma uhlaselwa kaninginingi, kufanele uhlolwe izimbangela ezinjengama-polyps acinene noma ezinye izinkinga, ezifana ne-allergies.

Yize kungavamile kakhulu, izinkinga zingabandakanya:

• Ithumba
• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo (i-osteomyelitis)
• I-Meningitis
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba ezungeze iso (i-orbital cellulitis)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Izimpawu zakho zihlala isikhathi eside kunezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14 noma unemikhuhlane eba yimbi kakhulu ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7.
• Unekhanda elibuhlungu elingathululwanga umuthi wezinhlungu othengiswayo.
• Unomkhuhlane.
• Usenezimpawu ngemuva kokuwaphuza kahle onke ama-antibiotic akho.
• Unanoma yiziphi izinguquko kumbono wakho ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwesono.

Ukukhishwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okuphuzi akusho ukuthi nakanjani unegciwane lesono noma udinga ama-antibiotic.

Indlela engcono yokuvimbela i-sinusitis ukugwema imikhuhlane nomkhuhlane noma ukwelapha izinkinga ngokushesha.

• Yidla izithelo nemifino eningi, ecebile ngama-antioxidants namanye amakhemikhali angakhuphula amasosha omzimba wakho futhi asize umzimba wakho ukumelana nokutheleleka.
• Lawula ukungezwani komzimba kwakho uma unakho.
• Thola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane unyaka ngamunye.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Geza izandla zakho kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuxhawulana nabanye.

Amanye amathiphu wokuvimbela i-sinusitis:

• Gwema intuthu nezinto ezingcolisayo.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi ukwandisa umswakama emzimbeni wakho.
• Thatha ama-decongestants ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumulayo.
• Phatha ukungezwani komzimba ngokushesha nangokufanele.
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukwandisa umswakama emakhaleni akho nasezonweni.

Sinusitis enamandla; Ukutheleleka kweSinus; Sinusitis - oyingozi; Sinusitis - okungapheli; Ubhejane

• Izono
• Isinusitis
• I-sinusitis engapheli

UDeMuri GP, uWald ER. Isinusitis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 62.

UMurr AH. Sondela esigulini ngezifo zempumulo, isinus, nezindlebe. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 398.

UPappas DE, uHendley JO. Isinusitis. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 408.

URosenfeld RM, uPiccirillo JF, uChandrasekhar SS, et al. Isiqondisi somkhuba womtholampilo (buyekeza): i-sinusitis yabantu abadala. I-Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 152 (2 Suppl): S1-S39. I-PMID: 25832968 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25832968/.