Umkhuhlane obonwe yi-Rocky Mountain

I-Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) yisifo esidalwa wuhlobo lwama-bacteria athwalwa imikhaza.

I-RMSF ibangelwa yigciwaneI-Rickettsia rickettsii (R Rickettsii), ethwalwa imikhaza. Amagciwane asakazekela kubantu ngokulunywa umkhaza.

Entshonalanga ye-United States, amagciwane athwalwa umkhaza wokhuni. E-US esempumalanga, baphathwa umkhaza wezinja. Eminye imikhaza yasabalalisa ukutheleleka eningizimu ye-US naseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.

Ngokuphikisana negama elithi "Rocky Mountain," amacala akamuva kakhulu abikiwe empumalanga ye-US. Amazwe afaka iNyakatho neNingizimu Carolina, iVirginia, iGeorgia, iTennessee ne-Oklahoma. Izimo eziningi zenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo futhi zitholakala ezinganeni.

Izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ukuhamba izintaba zakamuva noma ukuvezwa imikhaza endaweni lapho kwaziwa ukuthi lesi sifo senzeka khona. Amabhaktheriya mancane amathuba okuthi adluliselwe kumuntu ngomkhaza osunamathiselwe isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora angama-20. Cishe eyodwa kuphela kwizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane zemithi yokhuni nezinja ezithwala amagciwane. Amagciwane angathinta nabantu abichoboza imikhaza abayisusile ezifuyweni ngeminwe yabo.

Izimpawu zivame ukukhula cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-14 ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza. Zingafaka:

• Ukugodola nomkhuhlane
• Ukudideka
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• I-Rash - imvamisa iqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva komkhuhlane; iqala ukuvela ezihlakaleni nasemaqakaleni njengamabala anobubanzi obuyi-1 kuye ku-5 mm, bese isakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Abanye abantu abanegciwane abatholi ukuqubuka.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele ngalesi sifo:

• Uhudo
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya
• Ukusangana
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Omile

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Isihloko se-antibody ngokugcwalisa ukulungiswa noma i-immunofluorescence
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso
• Isikhathi esithile se-thromboplastin (PTT)
• Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT)
• Skin biopsy ethathwe ukuqubuka ukuyohlola R rickettsii
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlola igazi noma amaprotheni emchameni

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukususa ngokucophelela umkhaza esikhumbeni. Ukuqeda ukutheleleka, kudingeka kuthathwe ama-antibiotic anjenge-doxycycline noma i-tetracycline. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bavame ukunikezwa i-chloramphenicol.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwelapha ukutheleleka. Cishe ama-3% abantu abathola lesi sifo bazofa.

Kungalashwa, ukutheleleka kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezinjenge:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Izinkinga zokuvala
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• Ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu
• I-Meningitis
• I-pneumonitis (ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu)
• Ukushaqeka

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uba nezimpawu ngemuva kokuvezwa imikhaza noma ukulunywa umkhaza. Izinkinga ze-RMSF ezingalashwa zivame ukusongela impilo.

Uma uhamba ngezinyawo noma uhamba izintaba ezindaweni ezigcwele umkhaza, faka amabhulukwe amade emasokisi ukuvikela imilenze. Gqoka izicathulo namahembe anemikhono emide. Imikhaza izobonakala ngemibala emhlophe noma ekhanyayo kangcono kunemibala emnyama, okwenza kube lula ukubona nokususa.

Susa imikhaza ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa udlawana, udonsa ngokucophelela nangokuzinza. Ukuxoshwa kwezinambuzane kungasiza. Ngenxa yokuthi imikhaza engaphansi kakhulu kwephesenti elilodwa ithwala lesi sifo, ama-antibiotics awavame ukunikezwa ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza.

Umkhuhlane onamabala

• Umkhuhlane onezintaba ezinamadwala - izilonda engalweni
• Imikhaza
• Umkhuhlane obonwe yizintaba ezinamadwala engalweni
• Thika ifakiwe esikhunjeni
• Imfiva enamadwala ibone umkhuhlane onyaweni
• Umkhuhlane obonwe yi-Rocky Mountain - ukuqubuka kwe-petechial
• Amasosha omzimba
• Izinyamazane nenja zikhomba

IBlanton LS, i-Walker DH. URickettsia rickettsii kanye namanye ama-fever group rickettsiae (i-Rocky Mountain ene-fever ebonakalayo neminye imfiva enamabala). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 186.

UBolgiano EB, izifo zikaSexton J. Tickborne. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 126.