I-Neuropathy eseceleni kwezidakamizwa

I-neuropathy ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi. Lezi izinzwa ezingekho ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni. I-Neuropathy eseceleni kwezidakamizwa ukulahlekelwa umuzwa noma ukunyakaza engxenyeni ethile yomzimba ngenxa yomonakalo wezinzwa ekuthatheni umuthi othile noma inhlanganisela yemithi.

Umonakalo ubangelwa umphumela onobuthi wemithi ethile emithanjeni eseceleni. Kungaba khona umonakalo engxenyeni ye-axon yeseli lezinzwa, eliphazamisa amasiginali wezinzwa. Noma, umonakalo ungabandakanya i-myelin sheath, evikela ama-axon futhi inyuse isivinini sokudluliswa kwamasignali nge-axon.

Ngokuvamile, izinzwa eziningi ziyabandakanyeka (i-polyneuropathy). Lokhu kuvame ukudala izinguquko zemizwa eziqala ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle zomzimba (distal) futhi ziqonde maphakathi nomzimba (proximal). Kungase kube nezinguquko ekuhambeni, njengobuthakathaka. Kungase kube khona nobuhlungu obuvuthayo.

Imithi nezinto eziningi kungaholela ekukhuleni kwe-neuropathy. Izibonelo zibalwe ngezansi.

Izidakamizwa zenhliziyo noma zegazi:

• Amiodarone
• I-Hydralazine
• I-Perhexiline

Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nomdlavuza:

• I-Cisplatin
• I-Docetaxel
• I-Paclitaxel
• I-Suramin
• UVincristine

Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo:

• IChloroquine
• UDapsone
• Isoniazid (INH), esetshenziswa ukulwa nesifo sofuba
• I-Metronidazole (Flagyl)
• I-Nitrofurantoin
• I-Thalidomide (esetshenziselwa ukulwa nochoko)

Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezizimele:

• I-Etanercept (Enbrel)
• I-Infliximab (Remicade)
• I-Leflunomide (Arava)

Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuquleka:

• ICarbamazepine
• Phenytoin
• I-Phenobarbital

Izidakamizwa ezilwa notshwala:

• I-Disulfiram

Izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-HIV / AIDS:

• I-Didanosine (Videx)
• I-Emtricitabine (Emtriva)
  
• I-Stavudine (Zerit)
• I-Tenofovir ne-emtricitabine (iTruvada)

Ezinye izidakamizwa nezinto ezingadala i-neuropathy zifaka:

• I-Colchicine (esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-gout)
• I-Disulfiram (esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukusetshenziswa kotshwala)
• I-Arsenic
• Igolide

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ubuntofontofo, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa
• Ukulinganisa, ukuzwa okungavamile
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ukushisa ubuhlungu

Izinguquko zemizwa zivame ukuqala ezinyaweni noma ezandleni bese zingena ngaphakathi.

Ukuhlolwa kobuchopho nokwethuka kwemizwa kuzokwenziwa.

Ezinye izivivinyo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga omuthi (ngisho namazinga ejwayelekile egazi emithi ethile angaba nobuthi kubantu abadala noma kwabanye abantu)
• I-EMG (i-electromyography) kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinzwa zomsebenzi kagesi wezinzwa nemisipha

Ukwelashwa kusekelwe kwizimpawu nokuthi zinzima kangakanani. Isidakamizwa esibangela i-neuropathy singamiswa, sinciphiswe ngomthamo, noma sishintshelwe komunye umuthi. (Ungalokothi ushintshe noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.)

Umhlinzeki wakho angaphakamisa le mithi elandelayo ukusiza ukulawula izinhlungu:

• Ukudambisa izinhlungu okuthengwa ekhawunteni kungasiza ekuzwiseni ubuhlungu obuncane (neuralgia).
• I-Phenytoin, i-carbamazepine, i-gabapentin, i-pregabalin, i-duloxetine, noma i-tricyclic antidepressants efana ne-nortriptyline inganciphisa izinhlungu zokugwaza abanye abantu ababhekana nazo.
• Ukunciphisa izinhlungu ze-opiate, njenge-morphine noma i-fentanyl, kungadingeka ukulawula ubuhlungu obukhulu.

Okwamanje ayikho imithi engaguqula ukulahleka kwemizwa. Uma ulahlekelwe umuzwa, kungadingeka uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ukugwema ukulimala.

Buza umhlinzeki wakho uma kukhona izivivinyo ezingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zakho.

Abantu abaningi bangabuyela ngokwengxenye noma ngokugcwele emsebenzini wabo ojwayelekile. Lesi sifo asihlali sibanga izinkinga ezisongela impilo, kepha singase singakhululeki noma sikhubaze.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukwehluleka ukusebenza emsebenzini noma ekhaya ngenxa yokulahlekelwa unomphela kwemizwa
• Ubuhlungu ngokushoshozela endaweni yokulimala kwemizwa
• Ukulahlekelwa unomphela kwemizwa (noma kuyaqabukela, ukunyakaza) endaweni

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ulahlekelwe umuzwa noma ukunyakaza kwanoma iyiphi indawo yomzimba ngenkathi uthatha noma yimuphi umuthi.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzoqapha ukwelashwa kwakho nganoma yisiphi isidakamizwa esingadala i-neuropathy. Umgomo ukugcina izinga elifanele legazi lomuthi oludingekayo ukulawula lesi sifo nezimpawu zaso ngenkathi kuvimbela umuthi ukuthi ungafinyeleli emazingeni anobuthi.

• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo

UJones MR, Urits I, Wolf J, et al. I-peripheral neuropathy ebangelwa izidakamizwa, ukubuyekeza okulandisayo. ICurr Clin Pharmacol. Januwari 2019. PMID: 30666914 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30666914.

I-Katirji B. Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa yangaphakathi. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 107.

U-O'Connor KDJ, uMastaglia FL. Izinkinga ezibangelwa izidakamizwa zesistimu yezinzwa. Ku: Aminoff MJ, Josephson SA, ama-eds. I-Neurology ne-General Medicine ka-Aminoff. Umhlaka 5. I-Waltham, MA: I-Elsevier Academic Press; 2014: isahluko 32.