Migraine

I-migraine uhlobo lwekhanda. Kungenzeka nezimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma ukuzwela ekukhanyeni nasemisindweni. Kubantu abaningi, ubuhlungu be-throbbing buzwakala ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda kuphela.

Ikhanda le-migraine lidalwa umsebenzi wobuchopho obungajwayelekile. Lo msebenzi ungadalwa izinto eziningi. Kepha uchungechunge ngqo lwezehlakalo alukacaci. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kuqala ebuchosheni futhi kubandakanya izindlela zezinzwa namakhemikhali. Izinguquko zithinta ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni nakwizicubu ezizungezile.

Ukuphathwa yikhanda kwe-Migraine kuvame ukuvela kuqala phakathi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-10 nengama-45. Ama-migraines angahle agijime emindenini. Imigraines yenzeka kaningi kwabesifazane kunamadoda. Abanye besifazane, kepha hhayi bonke, banemigraines embalwa lapho bekhulelwe.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Migraine kungadalwa nganoma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukuhoxa kwe-caffeine
• Izinguquko emazingeni ama-hormone ngesikhathi somjikelezo wesifazane wokuya esikhathini noma ngokusebenzisa amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha
• Izinguquko emaphethini wokulala, njengokungalali ngokwanele
• Ukuphuza utshwala
• Ukuzivocavoca noma okunye ukucindezeleka komzimba
• Imisindo emikhulu noma amalambu akhanyayo
• Ukudla okugejiwe
• Amaphunga noma amakha
• Ukubhema noma ukuvezwa intuthu
• Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka

Imigraines nayo ingabangelwa ukudla okuthile. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ushokoledi
• Ukudla okobisi, ikakhulukazi ushizi othile
• Ukudla okune-monosodium glutamate (MSG)
• Ukudla okune-tyramine, okubandakanya iwayini elibomvu, ushizi osekhulile, inhlanzi ebhemayo, izibindi zezinkukhu, amakhiwane nobhontshisi obuthile
• Izithelo (ukwatapheya, ubhanana, izithelo ezisawolintshi)
• Inyama equkethe ama-nitrate (ubhekeni, izinja ezishisayo, i-salami, inyama ephulukisiwe)
• Anyanisi
• Amantongomane namanye amantongomane nembewu
• Ukudla okusetshenzisiwe, okuvutshiwe, okufakwe emanzini anosawoti, noma okuthosiwe

Ukuphathwa yikhanda kweqiniso kwe-migraine akubangelwa isimila sobuchopho noma enye inkinga enkulu yezokwelapha. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kuphela ogxile ekhanda anganquma ukuthi ngabe izimpawu zakho zibangelwa yi-migraine noma esinye isimo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemigraines:

• I-Migraine ene-aura (i-classic migraine)
• Migraine ngaphandle kwe-aura (migraine evamile)

I-aura yiqembu lezimpawu zesistimu yezinzwa (i-neurologic). Lezi zimpawu zibhekwa njengesibonakaliso sesixwayiso sokuthi i-migraine iyeza. Imvamisa, umbono uyathinteka futhi ungafaka noma yikuphi noma konke okulandelayo:

• Izindawo eziyimpumputhe zesikhashana noma amabala anemibala
• Ukubona okufiphele
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo
• Ukubona izinkanyezi, imigqa yama-zigzag, noma amalambu akhanyayo
• Umbono womhubhe (ukwazi ukubona kuphela izinto ezisenkabeni yenkambu yokubuka)

Ezinye izimpawu zesistimu yezinzwa zibandakanya ukuzamula, ubunzima bokugxila, isicanucanu, inkinga yokuthola amagama afanele, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, ukuba ndikindiki nokushaywa. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu azivamile kakhulu ngokuphathwa yikhanda le-migraine. Uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, umhlinzeki wakho kungenzeka a-oda izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela.

I-aura ivame ukuvela emizuzwini eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15 ngaphambi kwekhanda, kepha ingenzeka nje imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni angama-24 ngaphambili. Ikhanda alilandeli njalo i-aura.

Amakhanda ngokuvamile:

• Qala njengokuqaqamba okubandayo bese uba kubi kungakapheli imizuzu namahora
• Ukushaya, ukushaya, noma ukushaya
• Kubi kakhulu ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda ngobuhlungu ngemuva kweso noma ngemuva kwekhanda nentamo
• Kugcine amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-72

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele ngekhanda zihlanganisa:

• Amakhaza
• Ukwanda kokuchama
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni noma umsindo
• Ukujuluka

Izimpawu zingase zihlale isikhathi eside, ngisho nangemva kokuba i-migraine ihambile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-migraine hangover. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukuzizwa udidekile ngokomqondo, njengokucabanga kwakho akucaci noma kubukhali
• Ukudinga ukulala okwengeziwe
• Ubuhlungu bentamo

Umhlinzeki wakho angakwazi ukuxilonga ikhanda le-migraine ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nomlando womndeni we-migraines. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba kuzokwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ikhanda lakho lingenxa yokuqina kwemisipha, izinkinga zesono, noma ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho.

Akunakho ukuhlolwa okuqondile okufakazela ukuthi ikhanda lakho empeleni liyi-migraine. Ezimweni eziningi, azikho izivivinyo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo. Umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda ukuskena kwe-CT noma kwe-MRI uma ungakaze ube nakho ngaphambili. Ukuhlolwa kungabuye ku-odwe uma unezimpawu ezingajwayelekile nge-migraine yakho, kufaka phakathi ubuthakathaka, izinkinga zememori, noma ukulahlekelwa ukuqapha.

Kungadingeka i-EEG ukukhipha ukuquleka. Ukubhoboza i-lumbar (umpompi womgogodla) kungenziwa.

Alikho ikhambi eliqondile lekhanda le-migraine. Umgomo ukwelapha izimpawu zakho ze-migraine ngokushesha, nokuvimbela izimpawu ngokugwema noma ngokushintsha izimbangela zakho.

Isinyathelo esiyinhloko ukufunda ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani imigraines yakho ekhaya. Idayari yekhanda ingakusiza ukukhomba okubangela ikhanda lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho wena nomhlinzeki wakho ningahlela ukuthi nizigwema kanjani lezi zimbangela.

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zifaka:

• Imikhuba engcono yokulala, njengokulala ngokwanele nokulala ngasikhathi sinye ubusuku ngabunye
• Imikhuba yokudla engcono, kufaka phakathi ukungakudli ukudla nokugwema okubangela ukudla kwakho
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka
• Ukwehlisa isisindo, uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile

Uma une-migraines ejwayelekile, umhlinzeki wakho angakunikeza umuthi ukunciphisa inani lokuhlaselwa. Udinga ukuthatha umuthi nsuku zonke ukuze usebenze. Imithi ingafaka:

• Izidambisi
• Imithi yengcindezi yegazi, efana ne-beta blockers
• Imithi elwa nokuquleka
• Ama-peptide agents ahlobene nohlobo lweCalcitonin

Imijovo yohlobo lwe-Botulinum toxin yohlobo A (Botox) ingasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukuhlaselwa yimigraine uma kwenzeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ngenyanga.

Abanye abantu bathola ukukhululeka ngamaminerali namavithamini. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukubona ukuthi i-riboflavin noma i-magnesium ikulungele yini.

UKULAPHA UKUHLASELWA

Eminye imithi ithathwa ngesibonakaliso sokuqala sokuhlaselwa kwe-migraine. Imithi yezinhlungu ze-Over-the-counter (OTC), njenge-acetaminophen, ibuprofen, noma i-aspirin ivame ukuba usizo lapho i-migraine yakho imnene. Yazi ukuthi:

• Ukuthatha imithi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 ngesonto kungaholela ekubuyiseni ikhanda. Lawa ngamakhanda ahlala ebuya ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile umuthi wezinhlungu.
• Ukuthatha kakhulu i-acetaminophen kungalimaza isibindi sakho.
• I-ibuprofen noma i-aspirin eningi kakhulu ingacasula isisu noma izinso zakho.

Uma lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasizi, buza umhlinzeki wakho ngemithi kadokotela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifutho zamakhala, ama-suppositories, noma imijovo. Iqembu lemithi esetshenziswa kakhulu libizwa ngokuthi ama-triptan.

Eminye imithi ye-migraine inciphisa imithambo yegazi. Uma usengozini yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma unesifo senhliziyo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa le mithi. Eminye imithi ye-migraine akufanele isetshenziswe ngabesifazane abakhulelwe. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi imuphi umuthi olungele wena uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.

Eminye imithi ilapha izimpawu ze-migraine, ezifana nesicanucanu nokuhlanza. Zingasetshenziswa zodwa noma nezinye izidakamizwa ezelapha i-migraine uqobo.

UFeverfew ungumuthi wemigraines. Kungasebenza kwabanye abantu. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-feverfew, qiniseka ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho uyavuma. Izindlela zokwelapha ezithengiswa ezitolo zezidakamizwa nezitolo zokudla zezempilo azilawulwa. Sebenza nodokotela wamakhambi oqeqeshiwe lapho ukhetha amakhambi.

UKUVIMBELA AMAKHANDA ANGASEKHONA

Uma i-migraines yakho ivela ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngesonto yize kusetshenziswa ama-triptan, umhlinzeki wakho angakubeka emithini oyiphuzayo nsuku zonke, engasiza ekuvikeleni imigraines yakho. Umgomo ukuvimbela ukuthi i-migraines yenzeka kaningi kangakanani nokuthi ikhanda linzima kangakanani. Lezi zinhlobo zemithi zingasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekunciphiseni ikhanda le-migraine:

• Imithi ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, (njenge-beta-blockers, ama-angiotensin blockade agents, kanye ne-calcium channel blockers)
• Imithi ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka
• Imithi ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuquleka, okubizwa ngama-anticonvulsants
• Imijovo yohlobo lwe-botulinum toxin yeziguli ezikhethiwe

Amadivayisi amasha ahlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokugqugquzela izinzwa noma ukuvusa amandla kazibuthe nawo ayahlolwa ukwelashwa kwekhanda le-migraine. Indima yabo ngqo ekwelapheni i-migraines ayikacaci.

Umuntu ngamunye uphendula ngendlela ehlukile ekwelashweni. Abanye abantu bane-migraines kuyaqabukela futhi badinga ukwelashwa okuncane. Abanye badinga ukuthatha imishanguzo eminingana noma baye esibhedlela kwesinye isikhathi.

Ikhanda le-Migraine liyingcuphe yokushaywa unhlangothi. Ingozi iphezulu kubantu ababhemayo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abane-migraines eyenzeka nge-aura. Ngaphezu kokungabhemi, abantu abane-migraines kufanele bagweme ezinye izinto eziyingozi zokushaywa unhlangothi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuphuza amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo
• Ukudla ukudla okungenampilo, okungadala i-cholesterol ephezulu noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Shayela ku-911 uma:

• Uhlangabezana "nekhanda elibi kakhulu empilweni yakho."
• Unezinkinga zokukhuluma, umbono, noma ukunyakaza noma ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ikakhulukazi uma ungakaze ube nalezi zimpawu nge-migraine ngaphambili.
• Ikhanda liqala kungazelelwe.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti noma shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Iphethini yakho yekhanda noma ubuhlungu buyashintsha.
• Ukwelashwa okwake kwasebenza akusasizi.
• Unemiphumela engemihle evela emithini yakho.
• Uphuza amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha futhi unekhanda le-migraine.
• Ikhanda lakho linzima kakhulu lapho ulele phansi.

Ikhanda - i-migraine; Ikhanda le-Vascular - migraine

• Ukuphathwa ikhanda - ukuthi yini okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

• Ikhanda le-Migraine
• Imbangela ye-Migraine
• I-CT scan yobuchopho
• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo

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UDodick DW. Migraine. I-Lancet. U-2018; 391 (10127): 1315-1330. I-PMID: 29523342 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29523342.

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Isifinyezo sokubuyekeza umhlahlandlela wokuzijwayeza: Ukwelashwa okunamandla kwe-migraine ezinganeni nasebusheni: Umbiko we-Guideline Development, Dissemination, kanye ne-Implementation Subcommittee ye-American Academy of Neurology kanye ne-American Headache Society. Neurology. 2020; 94 (1): 50. I-PMID: 31822576 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31822576/.

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