Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - ama-inhalants

Ama-inhalants yimiphunga yamakhemikhali ephefumulelwa ngenhloso ukuze ikhuphuke.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inhalant kwaduma ngawo-1960 ngentsha eyayihogela i-glue. Kusukela lapho, ezinye izinhlobo zama-inhalants sezithandwa kakhulu. Ama-inhalants asetshenziswa kakhulu yintsha esencane kanye nezingane ezifunda isikole, yize abantu abadala kwesinye isikhathi bezisebenzisa.

Amagama emigwaqo ye-inhalants afaka ukuqhuma komoya, isibindi, i-chroming, i-discorama, injabulo, i-hippie crack, igesi yenyanga, i-oz, imbiza yomuntu ompofu, i-rush, i-snappers, i-whippets, ne-whiteout.

Imikhiqizo eminingi yasendlini inamakhemikhali aguquguqukayo. Okuguquguqukayo kusho ukuthi ikhemikhali likhiqiza imiphunga, engaphefumulelwa ngaphakathi (ihogelwe). Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zemiphunga ehlukumezayo yile:

• Ama-aerosol, afana ne-air freshener, i-deodorant, isivikeli sendwangu, isifutho sezinwele, isifutho samafutha yemifino nopende wokufafaza.
• Amagesi, afana ne-butane (i-lighter fluid), isifutho sokuhlanza ikhompyutha, i-freon, i-helium, i-nitrous oxide (igesi ehlekayo), etholakala ezitsheni zokhilimu oshaywayo, kanye ne-propane.
• AmaNitrites, angasathengiswa ngokusemthethweni. Lapho ama-nitrites ethengwa ngokungemthetho, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isikhumba esihlanza isikhumba," "iphunga elimanzi," "igumbi elinephunga elimnandi," noma "i-video head cleaner."
• Amakhemikhali awuketshezi, afana ne-correction fluid, i-degreaser, i-glue eyomisa ngokushesha, umaka we-tip-tip, uphethiloli, i-nail polish remover, nopende omncane.

Okudonswa umoya kuphefumula ngomlomo noma ngamakhala. Imigomo ye-Slang yalezi zindlela yile:

• Ukuqoqa isikhwama. Ukuhogela umuthi ngemuva kokufafazwa noma ukufakwa ephepheni noma kupulasitiki.
• Ukushaya ibhaluni. Ukuhogela igesi kusuka kubhaluni.
• Uthuli. Ukufafaza i-erosol emakhaleni noma emlonyeni.
• Kuyadumisa. Ukuhogela ama-aerosols wokuvuselela umoya.
• Huffing.Ukuhogela kumdumbe ofakwe yilokho bese ubanjwa ebusweni noma kufakwe emlonyeni.
• Ukuhogela. Ukuhogela into ngqo ngamakhala.
• Ehonqa. Ukuhogela into ngqo ngomlomo.

Ezinye izinto ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukugcina amakhemikhali adonswayo afaka amathini angenalutho e-soda, amabhodlela amakha angenalutho, namashubhu wephepha lasendlini yangasese agcwele izindwangu noma iphepha langasese elifakwe yilelo khemikhali.

Uma uhogela, amakhemikhali amuncwa ngamaphaphu. Ngemizuzwana nje, amakhemikhali aya ebuchosheni, abangele ukuthi umuntu azizwe edakiwe, noma ephakeme. Ukuphakama kuvame ukufaka ukujabula nokujabula, umuzwa ofana nokudakwa ngokuphuza utshwala.

Amanye ama-inhalants adala ukuthi ubuchopho budedele i-dopamine. I-Dopamine yikhemikhali elihilelekile ekucabangeni nasekucabangeni. Ibizwa nangokuthi ikhemikhali yobuchopho ezizwa kahle.

Ngoba ukuphakama kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, abasebenzisi bazama ukwenza okuphezulu kuhlale isikhathi eside ngokuhogela ngokuphindaphindiwe amahora amaningana.

Ama-nitrites ahlukile kwezinye izinto ezihogelwayo. Ama-nitrites enza imithambo yegazi ibe nkulu futhi inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha. Lokhu kudala ukuthi umuntu azizwe efudumele kakhulu futhi ejabule. Ama-nitrites avame ukuhogelwa ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kocansi kunokuba abe phezulu.

Amakhemikhali kuma-inhalants angalimaza umzimba ngezindlela eziningi, okuholele ezinkingeni zezempilo ezinjenge:

• Ukulimazeka kwamathambo
• Ukulimala kwesibindi
  
• I-Coma
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, njengezigqi zenhliziyo ezingajwayelekile noma ezisheshayo
• Ukulahleka kwamathumbu nokulawulwa komchamo
• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo, njengokungakhathaleli lutho (ukunganaki), isimilo esinobudlova, ukudideka, ukubona izinto ezingekho, noma ukucindezeleka
• Izinkinga ezihlala njalo zemizwa, njengokundikindiki, ukuncinza kwezandla nezinyawo, ubuthakathaka, nokuzamazama

Ama-inhalants nawo angabulala:

• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile noma esisheshayo singadala ukuthi inhliziyo iyeke ukupompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuzuma ukuhogela isifo sokufa.
• Ukuhlupheka kungavela lapho amaphaphu nobuchopho kungatholi umoya-mpilo owenele. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho amazinga omphunga wamakhemikhali ephezulu kakhulu emzimbeni aze athathe indawo yomoya-mpilo egazini. Ukumuncwa kungenzeka futhi uma kufakwa isikhwama sepulasitiki phezu kwekhanda lapho sifakwa (ukuhogela isikhwama).

Abantu abadonsa i-nitrites banethuba eliphezulu lokuthola i-HIV / AIDS kanye ne-hepatitis B no-C. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-nitrites asetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezocansi. Abantu abasebenzisa ama-nitrites bangaya ocansini olungaphephile.

Ama-inhalants angadala ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa lapho esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Abantu abasebenzisa izinto zokuhogela bangazithola beluthwa yizo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingqondo nomzimba wabo kuncike kuma-inhalants. Azikwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwazo futhi ziyazidinga (zikulangazelele) ukudlula empilweni yansuku zonke.

Umlutha ungaholela ekubekezelelaneni. Ukubekezelelana kusho ukuthi iyanda i-inhalant edingekayo ukuthola umuzwa ofanayo ophezulu. Futhi uma umuntu ezama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-inhalant, imiphumela ingavela. Lezi zibizwa njengezimpawu zokuhoxa futhi zingafaka:

• Izifiso ezinamandla zomuthi
• Ukuba nokushintsha kwemizwelo kusuka ekuzizweleni ucindezelekile kuya ekuxakanisekeni ekukhathazekeni
• Ayikwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo

Ukusabela ngokomzimba kungabandakanya ukuphathwa yikhanda, iminjunju nobuhlungu, ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla, nokungalali kahle.

Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusho uma othile esebenzisa ama-inhalants. Qaphela lezi zimpawu:

• Ukuphefumula noma izingubo kunuka njengamakhemikhali
• Ukukhwehlela nekhala eligijimayo ngaso sonke isikhathi
• Amehlo anamanzi noma abafundi bavuleke kakhulu (bavuliwe)
• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi
• Ukuzwa noma ukubona izinto ezingekho (ukusangana)
• Ukufihla iziqukathi ezingenalutho noma amanikiniki endlini
• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo noma ukuthukuthela nokucasuka ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Akunasifiso sokudla, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukuncipha komzimba
• Penda noma amabala ebusweni, ezandleni, noma ezingutsheni
• Ukuqhuma noma amabhamuza ebusweni

Ukwelashwa kuqala ngokwazi inkinga. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola usizo nokuxhaswa.

Izinhlelo zokwelashwa zisebenzisa amasu okushintsha indlela yokuziphatha ngokwelulekwa (i-talk therapy). Inhloso ukusiza umuntu ukuthi aqonde indlela aziphethe ngayo nokuthi kungani esebenzisa i-inhalants. Ukubandakanya umndeni nabangane ngesikhathi sokwelulekwa kungasiza ekusekeleni lowo muntu ukuze abagcine bangabuyeli ekusebenziseni (ukubuyela emuva).

Ngalesi sikhathi, awukho umuthi ongasiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-inhalants ngokuvimba imiphumela yawo. Kepha, ososayensi bacwaninga ngemithi enjalo.

Lapho umuntu esalulama, khuthaza okulandelayo ukusiza ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva:

• Qhubeka uye ezikhathini zokwelashwa.
• Thola imisebenzi emisha kanye nezinhloso zokushintsha lezo ezibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe-inhalant.
• Zivocavoce futhi udle ukudla okunempilo. Ukunakekela umzimba kuwusiza welaphe emiphumeleni eyingozi yama-inhalants.
• Gwema izimbangela. Lezi zimbangela zingaba ngabantu nabangane umuntu asetshenziswe ngama-inhalants naye. Zingaba futhi izindawo, izinto, noma imizwa engenza umuntu afune ukusebenzisa futhi.

Izinsiza ezisizayo zifaka:

• ILifeRing - www.lifering.org/
• I-Alliance for Consumer Education - Inhalant Abuse - www.consumered.org/programs/inhalant-abuse-prevention
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuhlukunyezwa Kwezidakamizwa Kwentsha - teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/inhalants
• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-SMART - www.smartrecovery.org/
• Ubambiswano lwezingane ezingenazo izidakamizwa - drugfree.org/

Kubantu abadala, uhlelo lwakho lokusiza abasebenzi emsebenzini (EAP) nalo luyinsiza enhle.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo engumlutha wezidakamizwa futhi udinga usizo lokuyeka. Fonela futhi uma unezimpawu zokuhoxa ezikukhathazayo.

Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa - ukuhogela; Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa - ama-inhalants; Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - ama-inhalants; I-glue - ama-inhalants

I-National Institute on Drug Abuse iwebhusayithi. Inhalants Izidakamizwa. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/inhalants. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 26, 2020.

Nguyen J, O'Brien C, Schapp S. Intsha isebenzisa ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa, ukuhlola, nokwelashwa: ukuhlanganiswa kwezincwadi. Inqubomgomo Yezidakamizwa i-Int J. 2016; 31: 15-24. I-PMID: 26969125 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26969125/.

IBreuner CC. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 140.

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