Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - imishanguzo kadokotela

Lapho umuthi ungathathwa ngendlela obekufanele usetshenziswe ngayo futhi umuntu abe ngumlutha wawo, inkinga ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Abantu abanale nkinga badla imishanguzo ngoba amakhemikhali asemithini anemiphumela yokusebenza kwengqondo. Ukusebenza kwengqondo kusho ukuba nomthelela endleleni ubuchopho obusebenza ngayo. Ngamafuphi, izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukukhuphuka.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kabi zifaka ukudangala, ama-opioid, kanye nezikhuthazi.

Abacindezeli

Le mithi yaziwa nangokuthi i-tranquilizers kanye ne-sedatives. Banikezwe ukwelapha ukukhathazeka nezinkinga zokulala.

Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa namagama azo emigwaqo afaka:

• Ama-barbiturates, afana ne-Amytal, Nembutal, phenobarbital, Seconal. Amagama emigwaqo afaka ama-barbs, ama-phennies, ama-reds, izinyoni ezibomvu, ama-tooies, ama-yellows, amajakhethi aphuzi.
• I-Benzodiazepines, njenge-Ativan, iHalcion, iKlonopin Librium, iValium, neXanax. Amagama emigwaqo afaka imigoqo, ama-benzos, ama-blues, amaswidi, amaphilisi okubanda, amafriji aseFrance, ama-downers, amapulangwe, amaphilisi okulala, izigxobo ze-totem, amathangi, ama-zanies, ne-z-bar
• Eminye imithi yokulala, njenge-Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta. Amagama emigwaqo afaka i-A-, amaphilisi e-zombie.

Uma kusetshenziselwa ukukhuphuka, kubangela imizwa yenhlalakahle, injabulo enkulu nokujabula. Njengezidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni, izicindezeli ziza ngamaphilisi noma amaphilisi futhi zivame ukugwinywa.

Imiphumela eyingozi yabacindezeli emzimbeni ifaka:

• Ukunciphisa isikhathi sokunaka
• Ukwahlulela okungalungile
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana
• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi
• Izinkinga zememori
• Inkulumo eshisiwe

Abasebenzisi besikhathi eside bangaba nezimpawu zokuhoxa ezisongela impilo uma bezama ukuyeka umuthi ngokungazelelwe.

I-OPIOIDS

Ama-opioid angamaphilisi ezinhlungu anamandla. Banikezwe ukwelapha ubuhlungu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma inqubo yamazinyo. Kwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukukhwehlela okunzima noma isifo sohudo.

Izinhlobo zama-opioid namagama abo emigwaqo afaka:

• ICodeine. Kunemithi eminingi equkethe i-codeine njengesithako, ikakhulukazi eyokukhwehlela efana neRobitussin AC kanye neTylenol ene-codeine. Amagama emigwaqo ye-codeine eyedwa afaka uCaptain cody, cody, c omncane, nomfana wesikole. KwiTylenol ene-codeine, amagama emigwaqo afaka i-T1, T2, T3, T4, ne-dors nezine. Isiraphu yeCodeine exutshwe nesoda ingaba namagama emigwaqo anjenge-purple drink, sizzup, noma itiye laseTexas.
• Fentanyl. Izidakamizwa zibandakanya i-Actiq, iDuragesic, i-Onsolis, ne-Sublimaze. Amagama emigwaqo afaka i-apache, intombazane yase-china, i-china white, i-fever fever, umngani, i-goodfella, i-jackpot, ukubulala i-8, i-percopop, i-tango kanye nemali.
• I-Hydrocodone: Izidakamizwa zifaka phakathi iLorcet, iLortab, neVicodin. Amagama emigwaqo afaka i-fluff, hydros, v-itamin, vic, vike, Watson-387.
• I-Morphine. Izidakamizwa zibandakanya i-Avinza, iDuramorph, iKadian, i-Ormorph, iRoxanol. Amagama emigwaqo afaka umphuphi, umugqa wokuqala, isidakamizwa sikankulunkulu, M, miss emma, mister blue, monkey, morf, morpho, vitamin m, izinto ezimhlophe.
• I-Oxycodone. Izidakamizwa zifaka i-Oxycontin, Percocet, Percodan, Tylox. Amagama emigwaqo afaka ukotini, i-hillbilly heroin, o.c., inkabi, i-oxy, i-oxycet, i-oxycotton, ama-percs, amaphilisi.

Lapho isetshenziselwa ukuphakama, ama-opioid enza umuntu azizwe ekhululekile futhi ejabule kakhulu. Njengezidakamizwa zasemgwaqeni, ziza njengempuphu, amaphilisi noma amaphilisi, isiraphu. Zingagwinywa, zijojowe, zibhenqwe, zifakwe engxenyeni, noma zihogelwe ngamakhala (zihogelwe).

Imiphumela eyingozi yama-opioid emzimbeni ifaka:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukudideka
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana
• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi
• Ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukulala

Ngezilinganiso eziphakeme, ukudakwa kwe-opioid kungavela, okungadala izinkinga zokuphefumula, ikhoma, noma ukufa.

Izikhuthazi

Lezi yizidakamizwa ezishukumisa ubuchopho nomzimba. Benza imiyalezo ephakathi kobuchopho nomzimba ihambe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu uqaphile futhi usebenze ngokwasemzimbeni. Izikhuthazi ezinjenge-amphetamines zinqunyelwe ukuphatha izinkinga zempilo njengokukhuluphala, i-narcolepsy, noma ukunakekelwa kokushoda kwengqondo (ADHD).

Izinhlobo zezikhuthazi namagama azo emigwaqo afaka:

• Ama-amphetamine, njenge-Adderall, i-Biphetamine, ne-Dexedrine. Amagama emigwaqo afaka izinqolobane, onobuhle abamnyama, iziphambano, izinhliziyo, ukujika kwezinto ku-LA, isivinini, abashayeli bamaloli, abaphezulu.
• IMethylphenidate, efana neConcerta, iMetadate, iQuillivant, neRitalin. Amagama emigwaqo afaka i-JIF, ama-kibbles nama-bits, i-MPH, uphayinaphu, i-r-ball, i-skippy, isidakamizwa esihlakaniphile, i-vitamin R.

Uma isetshenziselwa ukukhuphuka, izikhuthazi zidala ukuthi umuntu azizwe ejabule, ephapheme kakhulu, futhi enamandla akhuphukile. Abanye abantu basebenzisa izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi ama-amphetamine, ukubasiza ukuthi bahlale bephapheme emsebenzini noma ukufundela isivivinyo. Abanye bazisebenzisela ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwabo kwezemidlalo.

Njengezidakamizwa zasemgwaqeni, ziza njengamaphilisi. Bangagwinywa, bajojowe, babheniswe, noma bahogelwe ngamakhala (bahogelwe).

Imiphumela emibi yezikhuthazi emzimbeni zifaka:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukunyusa umfutho wegazi
• Ukushisa komzimba okuphezulu nokukhipha isikhumba
• Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla nokuncipha
• Ukulahleka kwememori nezinkinga zokucabanga kahle
• Ukukhohliswa kanye nemibono
• Izinkinga zemizwa nezingokomzwelo, njengokuziphatha ngolaka noma nobudlova
• Ukuphumula nokuthuthumela

Imvamisa awutholi umlutha wemithi kadokotela lapho uyiphuza ngomthamo ofanele ukwelapha isimo sakho sempilo.

Umlutha kusho ukuthi umzimba nengqondo yakho kuncike emuthini. Awukwazi ukulawula indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo futhi uyayidinga ukuze udlule empilweni yansuku zonke.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa isikhathi esithile kungaholela ekubekezelelaneni. Ukubekezelelana kusho ukuthi udinga umuthi owengeziwe ukuze uthole umuzwa ofanayo. Futhi uma uzama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa, ingqondo nomzimba wakho kungaba nokuphendula. Lezi zibizwa njengezimpawu zokuhoxa, futhi zingafaka:

• Izifiso ezinamandla zomuthi
• Ukuba nokushintsha kwemizwelo kusuka ekuzizweleni ucindezelekile kuya ekuxakanisekeni ekukhathazekeni
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila
• Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho (ukusangana)
• Ukusabela ngokomzimba kungabandakanya ukuphathwa yikhanda, iminjunju nobuhlungu, ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla, ukungalali kahle
• Izimpawu ezisongela impilo kubasebenzisi besikhathi eside bezidakamizwa ezithile

Ukwelashwa kuqala ngokwazi ukuthi kunenkinga. Lapho usuthathe isinqumo sokuthi ufuna ukwenza okuthile ngokusebenzisa kwakho izidakamizwa, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola usizo nokusekelwa.

Izinhlelo zokwelashwa zisebenzisa amasu okushintsha indlela yokuziphatha ngokwelulekwa (i-talk therapy). Inhloso ukukusiza uqonde indlela oziphatha ngayo nokuthi kungani usebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ukubandakanya umndeni nabangane ngesikhathi sokwelulekwa kungasiza ekusekeleni ukukugcina ungabuyeli ekusebenziseni (ukubuyela emuva). Izinhlelo zokwelashwa zikufundisa nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani kangcono nezimo ezikuholele ekusebenziseni noma ekubuyeleni emuva esikhathini esedlule.

Ngezinye izidakamizwa, ezifana nama-opioid, imithi ingasetshenziselwa ukusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yama-opioid ebuchosheni. Eminye imithi ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa izifiso nezimpawu zokuhoxa.

Uma unezimpawu ezinzima zokuhoxa, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlale ohlelweni lokwelashwa okuhlala kulo. Lapho, impilo yakho nokuphepha kungabhekwa njengoba ululama.

Njengoba ululama, gxila kokulandelayo ukusiza ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva:

• Qhubeka uye ezikhathini zakho zokwelashwa.
• Thola imisebenzi emisha nezinhloso zokushintsha lezo ezibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
• Chitha isikhathi esithe xaxa nomndeni nabangane ohluleke ukuxhumana nabo ngenkathi usebenzisa. Cabanga ukungaboni abangane abasasebenzisa.
• Zivocavoce futhi udle ukudla okunempilo. Ukunakekela umzimba wakho kuwusiza welaphe emiphumeleni eyingozi yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Uzozizwa ungcono, nawe.
• Gwema izimbangela. Lezi zimbangela zingabandakanya abantu osebenzise nabo izidakamizwa. Izimbangela zingaba futhi izindawo, izinto, noma imizwa engenza ufune ukusebenzisa futhi.

Izinsizakusebenza ezingakusiza usendleleni eya ekululameni zifaka:

• ILifeRing - www.lifering.org/
• I-National Coalition Against Against Prescription Drug Abuse - ncapda.org
• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-SMART - www.smartrecovery.org/
• Ubambiswano lwezingane ezingenazo izidakamizwa - drugfree.org/article/medicine-abuse-project-partners/

Uhlelo lwakho lokusiza abasebenzi emsebenzini (EAP) nalo luyinsiza enhle.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma wena noma othile omaziyo engumlutha wemithi kadokotela futhi edinga usizo ukuyeka. Fonela futhi uma unezimpawu zokuhoxa ezikukhathazayo.

Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa - imishanguzo kadokotela; Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa - imishanguzo kadokotela; Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa - imishanguzo kadokotela; Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - imishanguzo kadokotela; Ama-narcotic - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; I-opioid - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; Sedative - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; I-Hypnotic - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; I-Benzodiazepine - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; Okushukumisayo - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; IBarbiturate - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; I-Codeine - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; I-Oxycodone - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; I-Hydrocodone - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; I-morphine - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; I-Fentanyl - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-opioid. www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/index.html. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 5, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 26, 2020.

ILipari RN, uWilliam M, uVan Horn SL. Kungani Abantu Abadala Beyisebenzisa Kakubi Imithi Yokudokotela? I-Rockville, MD: Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo Isikhungo seMpilo Yokuziphatha; 2017.

UKowalchuk A, uMhlanga BC. Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 50.

I-National Institute on Drug Abuse iwebhusayithi. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kombiko wocwaningo lwemithi kadokotela. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/overview. Kubuyekezwe uJuni 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 26, 2020.

• Ukusetshenziswa Kakubi Kwezidakamizwa