Impi

Ukuqubuka kungenzeka lapho ikhanda lishaya into, noma into ehambayo ishaya ikhanda. Ukudideka uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokulimala kobuchopho. Kungabizwa nangokuthi ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu.

Ukudideka kungathinta ukuthi ubuchopho busebenza kanjani. Inani lokulimala kobuchopho nokuthi lizohlala isikhathi esingakanani kuncike ekutheni ingxabano inzima kangakanani. Ukudideka kungaholela ekhanda, ekushintsheni kokuqwashisa, ekulahlekelweni ukwazi, ekulahlekelweni inkumbulo, nasekuguqukeni kokucabanga.

Ukushayisana kungabangelwa ukuwa, imisebenzi yezemidlalo, izingozi zezimoto, ukushaya, noma okunye ukulimala ngqo kogebhezi. Ukunyakaza okukhulu kobuchopho (okubizwa ngokuthi i-jarring) kunoma iyiphi indlela kungadala ukuthi umuntu alahlekelwe ukuqaphela (angazi lutho). Lo muntu uhlala isikhathi esingakanani isikhathi eside kungahle kube uphawu lokuthi ukushayisana kubi kangakanani.

Izimpikiswano aziholeli njalo ekulahlekelweni ukwazi. Iningi labantu alikaze lidlule. Bangachaza ukubona konke okumhlophe, konke okumnyama, noma izinkanyezi. Umuntu angaba nokuqubuka futhi angakuboni.

Izimpawu zomcibisholo onamandla zingabandakanya:

• Ukwenza sengathi udidekile, uzizwe ungakwazi ukugxila, noma ungacabangi kahle
• Ukozela, kunzima ukuvuka, noma ushintsho olufanayo
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi isikhathi esifushane
• Ukulahleka kwememori (amnesia) yemicimbi ngaphambi kokulimala noma ngemuva nje
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukubona amalambu akhanyayo
• Uzwa sengathi "ulahlekelwe yisikhathi"
• Ukulala okungahambi kahle

Okulandelayo izimpawu eziphuthumayo zokulimala kakhulu kwekhanda noma ukuxubana. Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kukhona:

• Izinguquko zokuqwashisa nokwazi
• Ukudideka okungapheli
• Ukuquleka
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha kolunye noma zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba
• Abafundi bamehlo abangalingani ngosayizi
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungajwayelekile
• Ukuphalaza okuphindiwe
• Izinkinga zokuhamba noma zokulinganisela
• Ukungazi lutho isikhathi eside noma lokho kuyaqhubeka (ikhoma)

Ukulimala ekhanda okubangela ukungqubuzana kuvame ukwenzeka ngokulimala entanyeni nasemgogodleni. Nakekela ngokukhethekile lapho uhambisa abantu abalimele ekhanda.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Isistimu yezinzwa yomuntu izohlolwa. Kungaba nezinguquko kusayizi womfundi womuntu, ikhono lokucabanga, ukuxhumanisa, kanye nokuzindla.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• I-EEG (ukuhlolwa kwegagasi lobuchopho) kungadingeka uma ukuqubuka kuqhubeka
• Iskena se-Head CT (computerised tomography)
• I-MRI yobuchopho (imaging resonance imaging) yobuchopho
• Ama-X-ray

Ngokulimala okuncane kwekhanda, akukho ukwelashwa okungadingeka. Kepha qaphela ukuthi izimpawu zokulimala ekhanda zingavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Abahlinzeki bakho bazochaza ukuthi yini ongayilindela, ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani noma yiziphi izinhlungu zekhanda, ungaziphatha kanjani ezinye izimpawu zakho, ukuthi uzobuyela nini kwezemidlalo, esikoleni, emsebenzini, nakweminye imisebenzi, nezimpawu noma izimpawu okufanele ukhathazeke ngazo.

• Izingane zizodinga ukubukwa futhi zenze izinguquko zomsebenzi.
• Abantu abadala nabo badinga ukubuka okuseduze nezinguquko zomsebenzi.

Bobabili abadala nezingane kufanele balandele imiyalo yomhlinzeki mayelana nokuthi kuzokwazi nini ukubuyela kwezemidlalo.

Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela uma:

• Izimpawu eziphuthumayo noma ezinzima kakhulu zokulimala kwekhanda zikhona
• Kukhona ukuphuka kogebhezi
• Kukhona ukopha ngaphansi kogebhezi lwakho noma ebuchosheni

Ukuphulukisa noma ukululama ekuqhumeni kuthatha isikhathi. Kungathatha izinsuku ukuya emasontweni, noma ngisho nezinyanga. Ngaleso sikhathi unga:

• Hambisa, ucasuke kalula, noma udideke, noma ube nezinye izinguquko zemizwa
• Yiba nesikhathi esinzima nemisebenzi edinga inkumbulo noma ukugxila
• Yiba nekhanda elincane
• Ungabekezeleli umsindo
• Ukhathele kakhulu
• Zizwe unesiyezi
• Yiba nombono ofiphele ngezinye izikhathi

Lezi zinkinga mhlawumbe zizolulama kancane. Ungahle uthande ukuthola usizo emndenini noma kubangani ngokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile.

Kwisibalo esincane sabantu, izimpawu zokushayisana azisuki. Ubungozi balezi zinguquko zesikhathi eside ebuchosheni buphakeme ngemuva kwengxabano engaphezu kweyodwa.

Ukuquleka kungenzeka ngemuva kokulimala kanzima ekhanda. Wena noma ingane yakho kungadingeka ukuthi niphuze imithi elwa nokuquleka isikhathi esithile.

Ukulimala kwengqondo ebucayi kakhulu kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zobuchopho nezesistimu yezinzwa.

Shayela umhlinzeki uma:

• Ukulimala ekhanda kubangela ushintsho ekuxwayeni.
• Umuntu unezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo.
• Izimpawu azipheli noma azithuthuki ngemuva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu.

Shayela ngokushesha uma kwenzeka lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukwanda kokulala noma ubunzima bokuvuka
• Intamo eqinile
• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni noma ekuziphatheni okungajwayelekile
• Izinguquko enkulumweni (zitshekile, kunzima ukuziqonda, azenzi mqondo)
• Ukudideka noma izinkinga zokucabanga ngqo
• Umbono ophindwe kabili noma ukungaboni kahle
• Imfiva
• Uketshezi noma igazi eliphuma emakhaleni noma ezindlebeni
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda okuya ngokuya kuba kubi, kuhlala isikhathi eside, noma kungabi ngcono ngokunciphisa izinhlungu ezithengiswayo
• Izinkinga ukuhamba noma ukukhuluma
• Ukuquleka (ukuqhuma kwezingalo noma imilenze ngaphandle kolawulo)
• Ukuhlanza ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-3

Uma izimpawu zingapheli noma zingathuthuki kakhulu ngemuva kwamaviki amabili noma amathathu, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho.

Akukhona konke ukulimala ekhanda okungavinjelwa. Khulisa ukuphepha kwakho nengane yakho ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo:

• Njalo sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha ngesikhathi semisebenzi engadala ukulimala ekhanda. Lokhu kubandakanya amabhande esihlalo, amabhayisikili noma izigqoko zokuhamba ngesithuthuthu nezigqoko ezinzima.
• Funda futhi ulandele izincomo zokuphepha kwamabhayisikili.

Ungaphuzi bese ushayela. Ungazivumeli ukuba ushayelwe ngumuntu okungenzeka ukuthi ubephuza utshwala noma enenkinga ethile.

Ukulimala kobuchopho - ukuxubana; Ukulimala kwengqondo okuhlukumezayo - ukuxubana; Ukulimala kwekhanda okuvaliwe - ukuxubana

• Ukudideka kubantu abadala - ukukhipha
• Impikiswano kubantu abadala - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukudideka ezinganeni - ukukhipha
• Ukushayisana ezinganeni - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukuvimbela ukulimala ekhanda ezinganeni

• Ubuchopho
• Impi

Liebig CW, Congeni JA. Ukulimala kwengqondo okuhlukumezayo okuhlobene nezemidlalo (ukuxubana). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 708.

UPapa L, Goldberg SA. Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 34.

UTrofa DP, uCaldwell JM E, uLi XJ. Ukudideka nokulimala kwengqondo. Ku: Miller MD, Thompson SR, ama-eds. UDeLee Drez & Miller's Orthopedic Sports Medicine. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 126.