I-Plasmapheresis: kuyini, kwenziwa kanjani kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka

-Delile

• Yenzelwe ini
• Kwenziwa kanjani
• Izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-plasmapheresis

I-Plasmapheresis wuhlobo lwezokwelapha olusetshenziswa ikakhulu uma kunezifo lapho kukhona khona ukwanda kwenani lezinto ezingaba yingozi empilweni, njengamaprotheni, ama-enzyme noma ama-antibodies.

Ngakho-ke, i-plasmapheresis inganconywa ekwelapheni i-Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome ne-Myasthenia Gravis, okuyisifo se-autoimmune esibonakala ngokulahleka okuqhubekayo kwemisipha ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwama-autoantibodies.

Le nqubo ihlose ukususa izinto ezikhona kwi-plasma ngenqubo yokuhlunga. I-Plasma ifana cishe ne-10% yegazi futhi iqukethe amaprotheni, i-glucose, amaminerali, ama-hormone nezinto ezijiyisayo, isibonelo. Funda kabanzi ngezakhi zegazi nemisebenzi yazo.

Yenzelwe ini

I-Plasmapheresis inqubo ehlose ukuhlunga igazi, isuse izinto ezikhona kwi-plasma bese ibuyisela i-plasma emzimbeni ngaphandle kwezinto ezibanga noma eziqhubeka nalesi sifo.

Ngakho-ke, le nqubo ikhonjisiwe ekwelapheni izifo ezenzeka ngokwanda kwezinye zezakhi ze-plasma, ezinjenge-antibodies, i-albumin noma izinto ezijiyisayo, njenge:

• ILupus;
• I-Myasthenia gravis;
• I-myeloma eminingi;
• I-macroglobulinemia kaWaldenstrom;
• Isifo se-Guillain-Barre;
• I-Multiple sclerosis;
• I-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (PTT);

Yize i-plasmapheresis iyindlela yokwelapha esebenza kahle ekwelapheni lezi zifo, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu aqhubeke nokwenza umuthi okhonjiswe ngudokotela, njengoba ukusebenza kwale nqubo kungavimbeli ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezihlobene nalesi sifo.

Lokho wukuthi, ezimweni zezifo ezizimele, isibonelo, i-plasmapheresis igqugquzela ukususwa kwama-autoantibodies amaningi, kepha ukukhiqizwa kwala ma-antibody akukhubazekile, futhi umuntu kufanele asebenzise imishanguzo yokuvikela amandla ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela.

Kwenziwa kanjani

I-Plasmapheresis yenziwa nge-catheter ebekwe ku-jugular noma femoral tract futhi iseshini ngayinye ithatha isilinganiso samahora ama-2, angenziwa nsuku zonke noma ngezinye izinsuku, ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela. Ngokuya ngesifo eselaswayo, udokotela angancoma izikhathi ezingaphezulu noma ezingaphansi, ngezikhathi ezinhlanu zivame ukukhonjiswa.

I-Plasmapheresis yindlela yokwelashwa efana ne-hemodialysis, lapho kukhishwa khona igazi lomuntu bese kuhlukaniswa iplasma. Le plasma yenziwa inqubo yokuhlunga, lapho kukhishwa khona izinto ezikhona bese kubuyiselwa i-plasma engenazo izidakamizwa emzimbeni.

Le nqubo, noma kunjalo, ihlunga zonke izinto ezikhona kwi-plasma, ezuzisayo nezilimazayo, ngakho-ke, umthamo wezinto ezizuzisayo uphinde ushintshwe ngokusebenzisa isikhwama esisha se-plasma esinikezwe yibhange legazi lesibhedlela, ukugwema izinkinga ze umuntu.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-plasmapheresis

I-Plasmapheresis inqubo ephephile, kepha njenganoma iyiphi enye inqubo ehlaselayo, inobungozi, okuyiyona eyinhloko:

• Ukwakhiwa kwe-hematoma endaweni yokuthola i-venous;
• Ubungozi bokutheleleka endaweni yokungena ene-venous;
• Ingcuphe ephezulu yokopha, ngenxa yokususwa kwezinto ezijiyisayo ezikhona kwi-plasma;
• Ingozi yokusabela kokumpontshelwa igazi, njengokuphendula okwaliwa ngumzimba kumaprotheni akhona e-plasma efakwe igazi.

Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ubungozi obuncane bezinkinga, kubalulekile ukuthi le nqubo yenziwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ohlonipha izimo zenhlanzeko ezihlobene nokuphepha kweziguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ukumpontshelwa i-plasma entsha nakho kwenziwe, ngoba ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba nazo ziziningi ezifanele.