I-apnea yokulala evimbela - abantu abadala

Ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kokulala (OSA) kuyinkinga lapho ukuphefumula kwakho kuphumula lapho ulele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yemigwaqo yomoya emincane noma evinjiwe.

Uma ulele, yonke imisipha emzimbeni wakho ikhululeka ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kufaka imisipha esiza ukugcina umphimbo wakho uvulekile ukuze umoya ungene emaphashini akho.

Imvamisa, umphimbo wakho uhlala uvule ngokwanele ngesikhathi sokulala ukuvumela umoya udlule. Abanye abantu banomphimbo omncane. Lapho imisipha esemphinjeni wabo ongaphezulu ikhululeka ngesikhathi sokulala, izicubu ziyavaleka bese zivimba indlela yomoya. Lokhu kuphefumula kubizwa ngokuthi i-apnea.

Ukuthimula okukhulu kuyisibonakaliso se-OSA. Ukuhoxa kudalwa wukucindezela komoya ngendlela encane noma evinjiwe. Akuwona wonke umuntu obonayo one-apnea yokulala nokho.

Ezinye izinto nazo zingakhuphula ubungozi bakho:

• Umhlathi ongezansi omfishane uma uqhathaniswa nomhlathi wakho ongaphezulu
• Izinhlobo ezithile zophahla lomlomo wakho (ulwanga) noma i-airway ezenza ukuthi iwe kalula
• Intamo enkulu noma usayizi wekhola, amasentimitha angu-17 (amasentimitha angama-43) noma ngaphezulu emadodeni namasentimitha angama-16 (amasentimitha angama-41) noma ngaphezulu kwabesifazane
• Ulimi olukhulu, olungabuyela emuva futhi luvimbe umoya
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Amathani amakhulu kanye nama-adenoids angavimba i-airway

Ukulala emhlane kungadala nokuthi indlela yakho yomoya ivinjwe noma inciphise.

I-apnea yokulala emaphakathi kungenye inkinga yokulala lapho ukuphefumula kungayeka khona. Kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho buyeka okwesikhashana ukuthumela amasiginali emisipheni elawula ukuphefumula.

Uma une-OSA, uvame ukuqala ukugoba kakhulu ngemuva nje kokulala.

• Ukuhonqa kuvame ukukhala kakhulu.
• Ukuthimula kuphazanyiswa yisikhathi eside sokuthula ngenkathi ukuphefumula kwakho kuyeka.
• Ukuthula kulandelwa ukukhala okukhulu nokuhefuzela, lapho uzama ukuphefumula.
• Leli phethini liphinda ubusuku bonke.

Iningi labantu abane-OSA abazi ukuthi ukuphefumula kwabo kuqala futhi kuyama phakathi nobusuku. Imvamisa, umlingani olele noma amanye amalungu omndeni ezwa umsindo omkhulu, ukuhefuzela nokuthimula. Ukuthwebula kungaba phezulu ngokwanele ukuzwa ngezindonga. Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu abane-OSA bavuka behefuzela befuna umoya.

Abantu abane-apnea yokulala bangase:

• Vuka ekuseni ungaqabulwanga
• Zizwe uzele noma uzele usuku lonke
• Yenza ngokudinwa, ukuphelelwa isineke, noma ukucasuka
• Khohlwa
• Lala ngenkathi usebenza, ufunda noma ubuka i-TV
• Zizwe ulele ngenkathi ushayela, noma ulale lapho ushayela
• Yiba nekhanda elilukhuni

Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zibandakanya:

• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukuziphatha ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni
• Kunzima ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda, ikakhulukazi ekuseni

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzothatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba.

• Umhlinzeki wakho uzohlola umlomo wakho, intamo, nomphimbo.
• Ungabuzwa ngokulala kwasemini, ukuthi ulala kahle kangakanani, nemikhuba yokulala.

Uzodinga ukuba nesifundo sokulala ukuze uqinisekise i-OSA. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ekhaya lakho noma endaweni yokulala.

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• Imithambo yegazi yegazi
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-Echocardiogram
• Izifundo zomsebenzi wegilo

Ukwelashwa kusiza ukugcina umoya wakho uvulekile ngenkathi ulele ukuze ukuphefumula kwakho kungami.

Izinguquko zokuphila zingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu kubantu abane-apnea yokulala emnene, njenge:

• Gwema utshwala noma imithi ekwenza uzele ngaphambi kokulala. Bangenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.
• Gwema ukulala ngomhlane.
• Nciphisa isisindo esiningi.

Amadivayisi aqhubekayo okucindezela umoya (CPAP) asebenza kahle ukwelapha ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kokulala kubantu abaningi.

• Ugqoka imaski emakhaleni akho noma ngaphezulu kwamakhala nomlomo ngenkathi ulele.
• Isifihla-buso sixhunywe ngepayipi emshinini omncane ohlala eceleni kombhede wakho.
• Umshini upompa umoya ngaphansi kwengcindezi nge-hose ne-mask futhi ungene emoyeni wakho ngenkathi ulele. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina indlela yakho yomoya ivulekile.

Kungathatha isikhathi ukujwayela ukulala ngemithi ye-CPAP. Ukulandelwa okuhle nokusekelwa okuvela esikhungweni sokulala kungakusiza unqobe noma yiziphi izinkinga usebenzisa i-CPAP.

Imishini yamazinyo ingasiza abanye abantu. Uzigqoka emlonyeni wakho ngenkathi ulele ukugcina umhlathi wakho phambili kanye nomoya ovulekile.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingatholakala, kodwa kunobufakazi obuncane bokuthi ziyasebenza. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela ogxile ezinkingeni zokulala ngaphambi kokuzama.

Ukuhlinzwa kungahle kube inketho kwabanye abantu. Imvamisa kuyindlela yokugcina uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi futhi unezimpawu ezinzima. Ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziselwa:

• Susa izicubu ezingeziwe ngemuva komphimbo.
• Lungisa izinkinga ngezakhiwo ebusweni.
• Dala imbobo ku-windpipe ukuze weqe umgwaqo ovaliwe uma kunezinkinga zomzimba.
• Susa amalaka nama-adenoids.
• Faka into efana ne-pacemaker evuselela imisipha yomphimbo ukuthi ihlale ivulekile ngesikhathi sokulala.

Ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka kungakuphulukisi ngokuphelele ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kokulala futhi kungaba nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside.

Uma kungenakwelashwa, i-apnea yokulala ingadala:

• Ukukhathazeka nokudangala
• Ukuphelelwa yintshisekelo kwezocansi
• Ukungenzi kahle emsebenzini noma esikoleni

Ukulala emini ngenxa yokuphefumula kokulala kungandisa ubungozi boku:

• Izingozi zezimoto kusuka ekushayeleni ulele
• Izingozi zezimboni ezivela ekulaleni emsebenzini

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kuzikhulula ngokuphelele izimpawu nezinkinga ezivela ekuphefumuleni kokulala.

Ukuphefumula kokulala okungalashwa kungadala noma kubhebhethekise isifo senhliziyo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Unhlangothi

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ulele emini
• Wena noma umndeni wakho nibona izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokulala
• Izimpawu azithuthuki ngokwelashwa, noma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha

I-apnea yokulala - ukuvimbela - abantu abadala; I-apnea - ukuvimbela ukulala kwe-apnea syndrome - abantu abadala; Ukuphefumula okungahambi kahle nokulala - abantu abadala; OSA - abadala

• Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwesisindo - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwesisindo - yini okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukuhlinzwa kokudlula esiswini - ukukhipha
• I-laparoscopic gastric banding - ukukhipha
• Ukususwa kwamathoni ne-adenoid - ukukhipha

• I-apnea yokulala evimbela

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Ng JH, Yow M. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zomlomo ekuphathweni kwe-apnea yokulala yokuvimbela. I-Sleep Med Clin. 2019; 14 (1): 109-118. I-PMID: 30709525 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30709525.

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I-Redline S. Ukuphefumula okungalali kahle nesifo senhliziyo. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Izifo Zenhliziyo zeBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 87.