Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zomdlavuza

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa imishanguzo ukunqanda umdlavuza ukuthi ungakhuli futhi usabalale. Ukwenza lokhu kungalimazi kangako kumaseli ajwayelekile kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

I-chemotherapy ejwayelekile isebenza ngokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza namanye amangqamuzana ajwayelekile, ama-zeroes wezokwelapha aqondiswe kuzinhloso ezithile (ama-molecule) ngaphakathi noma kumaseli womdlavuza. Lezi zinhloso zibamba iqhaza ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula futhi aphile kanjani. Kusetshenziswa lezi zinhloso, umuthi ukhubaza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze angakwazi ukusabalala.

Imithi yokwelashwa ehlosiwe isebenza ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezihlukile. Bangase:

• Vala inqubo kumaseli womdlavuza abangela ukuba akhule futhi asakazeke
• Qalisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba afe ngokwawo
• Bulala amaseli womdlavuza ngqo

Abantu abanohlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza bangaba nezinhloso ezahlukahlukene kumaseli abo omdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, uma umdlavuza wakho ungenawo umgomo othile, umuthi ngeke usebenze ukuwumisa. Akuzona zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kubo bonke abantu abanomdlavuza. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza zingaba nenhloso efanayo.

Ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kungakusebenzela yini, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anga:

• Thatha isampula elincane lomdlavuza wakho
• Hlola isampula yezinhloso ezithile (ama-molecule)
• Uma ilitshe elifanele likhona kumdlavuza wakho, uzobe usuthola

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa eziqondisiwe zinikezwa njengamaphilisi. Abanye bajojelwa emthanjeni (emthanjeni, noma ku-IV).

Kunezindlela zokwelashwa eziqondisiwe ezingaphatha izinhlobo ezithile zala mdlavuza:

• I-leukemia ne-lymphoma
• Umdlavuza webele
• Umdlavuza wamakholoni
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Indlala yesinye

Eminye imidlavuza engaphathwa ngemithi ebhekiswe kuyo ibandakanya ubuchopho, ithambo, izinso, i-lymphoma, isisu, nokunye okuningi.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzonquma ukuthi izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zingaba inketho yohlobo lwakho lomdlavuza. Ezimweni eziningi, uzothola ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kanye nokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwamahomoni, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ungathola le mithi njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwakho okuvamile, noma njengengxenye yesivivinyo somtholampilo.

Odokotela bacabanga ukuthi izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zingaba nemiphumela engemihle eminye imishanguzo yokwelashwa komdlavuza. Kodwa lokho kwagcina kungamanga. Imiphumela emibi engaba khona evela ekwelashweni okubhekiswe kuyo ibandakanya:

• Uhudo
• Izinkinga zesibindi
• Izinkinga zesikhumba ezifana nokuqubuka, isikhumba esomile, nezinguquko zezipikili
• Izinkinga ngokuqina kwegazi nokwelashwa kwesilonda
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, ungahle noma ungabi nayo imiphumela emibi. Zingaba mnene noma zinzima. Ngenhlanhla, zivame ukuhamba ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngalokho ongakulindela. Umhlinzeki wakho angakwazi ukusiza ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa eminye imiphumela emibi.

Imithi ehlosiwe ithembisa ukwelashwa okusha, kepha kunemikhawulo.

• Amaseli womdlavuza angamelana nale mithi.
• Okuqondiwe kwesinye isikhathi kuyashintsha, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa akusasebenzi.
• Umdlavuza ungathola indlela ehlukile yokukhula nokuphila engancikile kokuhlosiwe.
• Izidakamizwa kungaba nzima ukuzithuthukisa kokunye okuhlosiwe.
• Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe zintsha futhi kubiza kakhulu ukwenza. Ngakho-ke, zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza.

Ama-antiticancer agents ahloselwe ngamangqamuzana; Ama-MTA; Okuqondiswe ku-Chemotherapy; Isici se-Vascular endothelial grow-target; Okuqondiswe ku-VEGF; Okubhekiswe ku-VEGFR; Okuqondiswe ku-Tyrosine kinase inhibitor; Okuqondiswe ku-TKI; Imithi eyenziwe ngezifiso - umdlavuza

Ingabe i-KT, i-Kummar S. Ukwelashwa kokuqondiswa kwamaseli womdlavuza: inkathi yama-ejenti aqondiswe ngamangqamuzana. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 26.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Izindlela zokwelashwa zomdlavuza ezihlosiwe. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 17. 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 20, 2020.

• Umdlavuza