I-HTLV: iyini, ungazibona kanjani izimpawu futhi welaphe ukutheleleka

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka kwe-HTLV
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-HTLV
• Ngabe i-HTLV ne-HIV kuyinto efanayo?

I-HTLV, ebizwa nangokuthi i-human T-cell lymphotropic virus, uhlobo lwegciwane emndenini I-Retroviridae nokuthi, ezimweni eziningi, akusibangeli isifo noma izimpawu, ukutholakala kungatholakalanga. Kuze kube manje, alukho unyango oluthile, ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokuvikela nokuqapha kwezokwelapha.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zegciwane le-HTLV, i-HTLV 1 ne-2, engahlukaniswa ngengxenye encane yesakhiwo sayo kanye namaseli abawahlaselayo, lapho i-HTLV-1 ihlasela kakhulu ama-lymphocyte ohlobo lwe-CD4, kuyilapho i-HTLV- 2 ihlasela uhlobo lwe-CD8 ama-lymphocyte.

Leli gciwane lingadluliselwa lisuka kumuntu liye komunye ngocansi olungavikelekile noma ngokwabelana ngezinto ezilahlwayo, njengezinaliti, isibonelo, ikakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisa izidakamizwa, njengoba nje kungadluliselwa kusuka kumama onegciwane kuye enganeni esanda kuzalwa futhi ukuncelisa ibele.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Iningi labantu abanegciwane le-HTLV alizikhombisi izimpawu noma izimpawu, futhi leli gciwane litholakala ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, yize kungenzeki kaningi, abanye abantu abangenwa yigciwane le-HTLV-1 bakhombisa izimpawu nezimpawu ezihluka ngokuya ngesifo esibangelwe yigciwane, futhi kungahle kube nokukhubazeka kwemizwa noma kwe-hematological:

• Uma kwenzeka kuba i-tropical spastic paraparesis, izimpawu ezibangelwa i-HTLV-1 zithatha isikhathi ukuvela, kepha kubonakala ngezimpawu zemizwa ezingadala ubunzima ekuhambeni noma ekunyakaziseni isitho, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha nokungalingani, isibonelo.
• Uma kwenzeka kuba I-T-cell leukemia, izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HTLV-1 yi-hematological, enomkhuhlane omkhulu, umjuluko obandayo, ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, i-anemia, ukuvela kwamabala ansomi esikhunjeni kanye nokuhlushwa okuphansi kwama-platelet egazini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-HTLV-1 kungahle kuhambisane nezinye izifo, ezifana novendle, i-polyarthritis, i-uveitis nedermatitis, kuya ngokuthi amasosha omzimba womuntu anjani nokuthi isifo sivele kuphi. Igciwane le-HTLV-2 kuze kube manje alihlotshaniswa nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka, noma kunjalo, lingadala izimpawu ezifana nalezo ezibangelwa igciwane le-HTLV-1.

Ukudluliswa kwaleli gciwane kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokuya ocansini olungavikelekile, kepha kungenzeka futhi ngokumpontshelwa igazi, ngokwabelana ngemikhiqizo engcolile, noma ukusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngokuncelisa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanempilo yangaphambi kwesikhathi futhi esebenzayo yezocansi, abanezifo ezithathelana ngocansi noma abadinga noma abampompela igazi, basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka noma yokudlulisa igciwane le-HTLV.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka ngegciwane le-HTLV akukaqalwa kahle ngenxa yamathuba amancane egciwane okubangela izifo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izimpawu noma izimpawu. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi igciwane le-HTLV-1 lidale i-paraparesis, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kunganconywa ukugcina ukunyakaza kwezitho zomzimba futhi kukhuthaze amandla emisipha, ngaphezu kwemithi elawula ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha futhi iqede izinhlungu.

Endabeni ye-T-cell leukemia, ukwelashwa okukhonjisiwe kungaba ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okulandelwa ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo.

Njengoba ingekho imishanguzo, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abatholakala ukuthi banegciwane le-HTLV babhekwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngezivivinyo zokubheka amandla okuzala kwegciwane kanye namathuba okudluliswa kwegciwane.

Yize lungekho ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kwegciwane le-HTLV, ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kokutheleleka kubalulekile ukuze ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okufanelekile ngokwenqubo ebangelwe yigciwane.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka kwe-HTLV

Ukuvinjelwa kokutheleleka kwe-HTLV kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, ukungabi bikho kokwabelana ngezinto ezilahlwayo, njengemijovo nezinaliti, ngokwesibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ophethe igciwane le-HTLV akakwazi ukunikela ngegazi noma izitho futhi, uma owesifazane ephethe leli gciwane, ukuncelisa ibele kuyaphikiswa, njengoba igciwane lingadluliselwa enganeni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwefomula yezinsana kunconywa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-HTLV

Ukuxilongwa kwegciwane le-HTLV kwenziwa ngezindlela ze-serological kanye ne-molecular, futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-ELISA kuvame ukwenziwa futhi, uma kukuhle, isiqinisekiso senziwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Western blot. Imiphumela engemihle yamanga ayivamile, njengoba indlela esetshenzisiwe ukuthola leli gciwane ibucayi kakhulu futhi icacile.

Ukuze kuhlolwe ubukhona baleli gciwane emzimbeni, kuvame ukuqoqwa isampula legazi elincane lisuka kumuntu, elithunyelwa elebhu, lapho kuzokwenziwa khona izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa ngumzimba alwa naleli gciwane .

Ngabe i-HTLV ne-HIV kuyinto efanayo?

Amagciwane e-HTLV ne-HIV, yize ehlasela amangqamuzana amhlophe omzimba, ama-lymphocyte, awafani. Igciwane le-HTLV ne-HIV kufana neqiniso lokuthi zingama-retroviruses futhi zinendlela efanayo yokudlulisa, kepha igciwane le-HTLV alikwazi ukuziguqula libe yigciwane le-HIV noma libangele i-AIDS. Funda kabanzi ngegciwane le-HIV.