Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala

Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala kulapho ukuphuza kwakho kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu empilweni yakho, kepha uqhubeka nokuphuza. Ungadinga futhi utshwala obuningi ukuze uzizwe udakiwe. Ukuma ngokuzumayo kungadala izimpawu zokuhoxa.

Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ebangela izinkinga ngotshwala. Ochwepheshe bezempilo bacabanga ukuthi kungaba yinhlanganisela yomuntu:

• Izakhi zofuzo
• Imvelo
• I-Psychology, njengokuxhamazela noma ukuzethemba okuphansi

Izingozi zesikhathi eside zokuphuza utshwala obuningi ngokweqile kungenzeka uma:

• Uyindoda eneziphuzo ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 ngosuku, noma iziphuzo eziyi-15 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto, noma uvame ukuphuza iziphuzo ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu ngasikhathi
• Ungowesifazane onesiphuzo esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku, noma iziphuzo eziyi-8 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto, noma uvame ukuphuza iziphuzo ezi-4 noma ngaphezulu ngasikhathi

Isiphuzo esisodwa sichazwa njengama-ounces ayi-12 noma ama-milliliters angu-360 (mL) kabhiya (u-5% wokuqukethwe kotshwala), ama-ounces ama-5 noma i-150 ml yewayini (12% wokuqukethwe kotshwala), noma i-1.5-ounce noma i-45-mL yotshwala (80 ubufakazi, noma okuqukethwe okungu-40% kotshwala).

Uma unomzali onenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala, usengozini enkulu yezinkinga zotshwala.

Nawe kungenzeka ukuthi ube nezinkinga ngotshwala uma:

• Ingabe umuntu osemusha osemncane ngaphansi kwengcindezi yontanga
• Unokudangala, isifo se-bipolar, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, i-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), noma i-schizophrenia
• Ungathola kalula utshwala
• Yiba nokuzethemba okuphansi
• Unenkinga ngobudlelwano
• Phila impilo enengcindezi

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuphuza kwakho, kungasiza ukubhekisisa indlela osebenzisa ngayo utshwala.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo benze uhlu lwezimpawu umuntu okufanele abe nazo onyakeni odlule ukuze atholakale enenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Izikhathi lapho uphuza kakhulu noma ngaphezulu kunalokho obekuhlelile.
• Bafuna, noma bazama, ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ukuphuza, kepha behluleka.
• Chitha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo wokuthola utshwala, ukubusebenzisa, noma ukululama emiphumeleni yakho.
• Fisa utshwala noma ube nesifiso esinamandla sokubusebenzisa.
• Ukuphuza utshwala kudala ukuthi ulahlekelwe ngumsebenzi noma isikole, noma ungenzi kahle ngenxa yokuphuza.
• Qhubeka nokuphuza, noma ngabe ubuhlobo nomndeni nabangane bulinyazwa.
• Yeka ukubamba iqhaza ezintweni obukade uzijabulela.
• Ngenkathi noma ngemuva kokuphuza, ungena ezimeni ezingakulimaza, njengokushayela, ukusebenzisa imishini, noma ukuya ocansini olungaphephile.
• Qhubeka uphuza, yize wazi ukuthi kwenza inkinga yezempilo ebangelwa utshwala ibe yimbi kakhulu.
• Udinga utshwala obuningi ngokwengeziwe ukuzwa imiphumela yaso noma ukudakwa.
• Uthola izimpawu zokuhoxa lapho imiphumela yotshwala iphela.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza lokhu:

• Ukuhlole
• Buza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nowomndeni
• Buza ngokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala, futhi uma unezinye zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla

Umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda ukuhlolwa ukuze ahlole izinkinga zempilo ezivamile kubantu abasebenzisa utshwala. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• Izinga lotshwala egazini (Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ubusanda kuphuza yini utshwala. Akutholi inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala.)
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-Magnesium

Abantu abaningi abanenkinga yotshwala badinga ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa utshwala. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzithiba. Ukuba nokuxhaswa okuqinile kwezenhlalo nomndeni kungasiza ekwenzeni kube lula ukuyeka ukuphuza.

Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukunciphisa ukuphuza kwabo. Ngakho-ke noma ungabuyeki ngokuphelele utshwala, ungakwazi ukuphuza kancane. Lokhu kungathuthukisa impilo yakho nobudlelwano bakho nabanye. Kungakusiza futhi ukuthi wenze kangcono emsebenzini noma esikoleni.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abaphuza kakhulu bathola ukuthi abakwazi ukuvele banciphise. Ukuzithiba kungaba ukuphela kwendlela yokuphatha inkinga yokuphuza.

UKUTHATHA ISINQUMO SOKUYEKA

Njengabantu abaningi abanenkinga yotshwala, ungahle ungaboni ukuthi ukuphuza kwakho sekungalawuleki. Isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uphuza kangakanani. Kuyasiza futhi ukuqonda ubungozi bezempilo botshwala.

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuyeka ukuphuza, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho. Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukukusiza ubone ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwakho utshwala kulimaza kangakanani impilo yakho kanye nezimpilo zalabo abakuzungezile.

Ngokuya ngokuthi uphuze kangakanani futhi isikhathi esingakanani, ungaba sengozini yokuhoxiswa kotshwala. Ukuhoxa kungahle kungakhululeki futhi kusongele nokuphila. Uma ngabe uphuze kakhulu, kufanele wehlise noma uyeke ukuphuza kuphela ngaphansi kokunakekelwa ngumhlinzeki. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi ungayeka kanjani ukusebenzisa utshwala.

UKUSEKELWA KWESIKHATHI ESIDE

Izinhlelo zokubuyisa utshwala noma zokuxhasa zingakusiza uyeke ukuphuza ngokuphelele. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukunikela:

• Imfundo ngokusetshenziswa kotshwala nemiphumela yako
• Ukwelulekwa nokwelashwa ukuxoxa ngendlela yokulawula imicabango nokuziphatha kwakho
• Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokomzimba

Ukuze ube sethubeni elihle lempumelelo, kufanele uhlale nabantu abeseka imizamo yakho yokugwema utshwala. Ezinye izinhlelo zinikela ngezinketho zezindlu zabantu abanezinkinga zotshwala. Ngokuya ngezidingo zakho nezinhlelo ezitholakalayo:

• Ungalashwa esikhungweni esikhethekile sokutakula (inpatient)
• Ungaya ohlelweni ngenkathi uhlala ekhaya (isiguli)

Ungahle unikezwe imithi kanye nokwelulekwa kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha ukukusiza uyeke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okusizwa ngemithi (MAT). Ngenkathi i-MAT ingasebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, kungenye indlela yokwelapha lesi sifo.

• I-Acamprosate isiza ukunciphisa izifiso nokuncika otshwaleni kubantu abasanda kuyeka ukuphuza.
• I-Disulfiram kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngemuva kokuyeka ukuphuza. Kubangela ukusabela okubi kakhulu uma uphuza, okusiza ukukuvimbela ekuphuzeni.
• INaltrexone ivimba imizwa ejabulisayo yokudakwa, engakusiza wehlise noma uyeke ukuphuza.

Kuyinkohliso ejwayelekile yokuthi ukuthatha umuthi ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala ukuhweba ukulutha komunye. Kodwa-ke, le mithi ayiluthisi. Bangasiza abanye abantu ukuphatha lesi sifo, njengoba nabantu abanesifo sikashukela noma benhliziyo bethatha umuthi ukwelapha isimo sabo.

Ukuphuza kungafihla ukucindezeleka noma ezinye izinkinga zemizwa noma zokukhathazeka. Uma unenkinga yemizwelo, ingahle ibonakale uma uyeka ukuphuza. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwelapha noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwakho ngotshwala.

Amaqembu okusekela asiza abantu abaningi ababhekene nokusetshenziswa kotshwala. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana neqembu lokusekela elingakulungela wena.

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuncike ekutheni bangakwazi yini ukunciphisa ngempumelelo noma bayeke ukuphuza.

Kungathatha ukuzama okuningana ukuyeka ukuphuza unomphela. Uma ulwela ukuyeka, ungalilahli ithemba. Ukuthola ukwelashwa, uma kudingeka, kanye nokwesekwa nokukhuthazwa okuvela emaqenjini okweseka nalabo abaseduze kwakho kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale usangulukile.

Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala kungakhuphula ubungozi bezinkinga eziningi zempilo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukopha emkhakheni wokugaya ukudla
• Ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho
• Isifo sobuchopho esibizwa ngeWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
• Umdlavuza womphimbo, isibindi, ikholoni, isifuba nezinye izindawo
• Izinguquko kumjikelezo wokuya esikhathini
• I-Delirium tremens (DTs)
• Ukuwohloka komqondo nokulahleka kwememori
• Ukudangala nokuzibulala
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile
• Ukulimala kwenhliziyo
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe (pancreatitis)
• Isifo sesibindi, kufaka phakathi i-cirrhosis
• Ukulimala kwemizwa nobuchopho
• Ukungondleki kahle
• Izinkinga zokulala (ukuqwasha)
• Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs)

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nakho kwandisa ingozi yobudlova.

Ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ukhulelwe kungaholela ekukhubazekeni okukhulu kwengane yakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-fetal alcohol syndrome. Ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uncelisa nakho kungadala izinkinga enganeni yakho.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma othile omaziyo angaba nenkinga yotshwala.

Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha noma ushayele inombolo yakho yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo enenkinga yotshwala futhi eba nokudideka okukhulu, ukuxhuzula, noma ukopha.

INational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism incoma ukuthi:

• Abesifazane akufanele baphuze ngaphezu kwesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku
• Abesilisa akufanele baphuze iziphuzo ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 ngosuku

Ukuthembela otshwaleni; Ukuphuza ngokweqile; Inkinga yokuphuza; Inkinga yokuphuza; Umlutha wotshwala; Ukuphuza ngokweqile - ukusetshenziswa kotshwala; Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - utshwala

• I-cirrhosis - ukukhipha
• I-Pancreatitis - ukukhipha

• Isibindi sokuqina kwesibindi - i-CT scan
• Isibindi esinamafutha - i-CT scan
• Isibindi nge-fatproportional fattening - CT scan
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile
• Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala
• Utshwala nokudla
• I-anatomy yesibindi

I-American Psychiatric Association. Ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nezidakamizwa nokulutha. Ku: I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika. 2013: 481-590.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo; Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvimbela Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona Nokukhuthaza Impilo. Izimpawu ezibalulekile ze-CDC: ukuhlolwa kotshwala nokwelulekwa. www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-screening-counselling/. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 31, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 18, 2020.

URusus VI, uFochtmann LJ, uBukstein O, et al. I-American Psychiatric Association imihlahlandlela yokwelashwa kwemithi yeziguli ezinenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala. NginguJ J Psychiatry. 2018; 175 (1): 86-90. PMID: 29301420 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29301420/.

USherin K, Seikel S, Hale S. Izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 48.

I-US Preventive Services Task Force, uCurry SJ, uKrist AH, et al. Ukungenelela kokuhlolwa nokwelulekwa ngokokuziphatha ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okungenampilo kubantu abasha nasebantwini: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018; 320 (18): 1899-1909. I-PMID: 30422199 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422199/.

UWitkiewitz K, uLitten RZ, uLeggio L. Intuthuko kusayensi kanye nasekwelapheni inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala. USci Adv. 2019; 5 (9): eaax4043. Ishicilelwe 2019 Sep 25. PMID: 31579824 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31579824/.