Isifo sikashukela - ukwelashwa kwe-insulin

I-insulin yihomoni ekhiqizwa amanyikwe ukusiza umzimba ukuthi usebenzise futhi ugcine i-glucose. I-glucose ingumthombo wephethiloli womzimba.

Ngesifo sikashukela, umzimba awukwazi ukulawula inani le-glucose egazini (elibizwa ngokuthi i-glycemia noma ushukela wegazi). Ukwelashwa nge-insulin kungasiza abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela ukuthi bagcine amazinga kashukela egazini labo.

Amakhabhohayidrethi avela ekudleni ahlukaniswe abe ushukela nezinye izhukela. Iglucose imunca ukusuka emgudwini wokugaya ungene egazini. I-insulini yehlisa ushukela wegazi ngokuwuvumela ukuba usuke egazini uye emisipheni, emafutheni nakwamanye amangqamuzana, lapho ungagcinwa khona noma usetshenziswe njengophethiloli. I-insulini iphinda itshele isibindi ukuthi ikhiqiza i-glucose engakanani lapho uzila ukudla (awukaze uthole isidlo sakamuva).

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banoshukela ophakeme wegazi ngoba imizimba yabo ayenzi i-insulin eyanele noma ngoba umzimba wabo awuyiphenduli kahle i-insulin.

• Nge-type 1 yesifo sikashukela amanyikwe akhiqiza i-insulin encane.
• Ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela amafutha, isibindi, namaseli emisipha awaphenduli kahle ku-insulin. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanyikwe ayayeka ukwenza insulini eningi.

Ukwelashwa nge-insulini kungena esikhundleni se-insulin evame ukwenziwa umzimba. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kumele bathathe i-insulin nsuku zonke.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 badinga ukuthatha i-insulin uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha nemithi yehluleka ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini.

Imithamo ye-insulin inikezwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Umthamo osisekelo - Inikeza inani elingaguquguquki le-insulin elethwa ubusuku nemini. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ngokulawula ukuthi isibindi sikhipha malini i-glucose.
• Umthamo weBolus - ihlinzeka ngomthamo we-insulin ekudleni ukusiza ukuhambisa ushukela omunciwe egazini uye emisipheni nasemafutheni. Amanani weBolus angasiza futhi ukulungisa ushukela wegazi lapho uphakama kakhulu. Imithamo yeBolus ibizwa nangokuthi imithamo yokudla okunomsoco noma yesikhathi sokudla.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-insulin etholakalayo. Izinhlobo ze-insulin zisuselwa kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqala - kuqala ngokushesha kangakanani ukusebenza ngemuva kokujova
• Isikhathi esiphakeme - isikhathi lapho umthamo unamandla kakhulu futhi usebenza kahle kakhulu
• Isikhathi - isikhathi esiphelele lapho umthamo we-insulin uhlala egazini futhi wehlisa ushukela wegazi

Ngezansi kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin:

• I-insulin esebenza ngokushesha noma esebenza ngokushesha iqala ukusebenza kungakapheli imizuzu engu-15, iphakama ngehora elilodwa, futhi ihlala amahora amane. Kuthathwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva nje kokudla nokudla okulula. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside.
• I-insulin ejwayelekile noma esebenza okwesikhashana ifinyelela ukugeleza kwegazi emizuzwini engu-30 ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, iphakama phakathi kwamahora amabili kuya kwamathathu, futhi ihlala amahora amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Lokhu kuthathwa isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla nokudla okulula. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside.
• Ukwenza okuphakathi noma i-basal insulin iqala ukusebenza kungakapheli amahora amabili kuya kwayi-4, iphakama ngamahora ama-4 kuye kwayi-12, futhi ihlala amahora ayi-12 kuye kwayi-18. Lokhu kuthathwa ikakhulu kabili ngosuku noma ngesikhathi sokulala.
• I-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside iqala ukusebenza amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokujova futhi isebenza cishe amahora angama-24, kwesinye isikhathi ubude. Kuyasiza ukulawula i-glucose usuku lonke. Kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ne-insulin esheshayo noma esebenza okwesikhashana njengoba kudingeka.
• I-insulin eyakhiwe ngaphambili noma exubile inhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezi-2 ezihlukene ze-insulin. Inakho kokubili umthamo we-basal ne-bolus wokulawula i-glucose ngemuva kokudla nakulo lonke usuku.
• Uhogele i-insulin iyi-insulin esebenza ngokushesha ephefumula eqala ukusebenza kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15 isetshenzisiwe. Isetshenziswa ngaphambi nje kokudla.

Uhlobo olulodwa noma eziningi ze-insulin zingasetshenziswa ndawonye ukusiza ukulawula ushukela wegazi lakho. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-insulin kanye neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzosebenza nawe ukuthola inhlanganisela elungile yemithi yakho.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokutshela ukuthi udinga ukuthatha i-insulini nini futhi kangaki. Isikhathi sakho sokulinganisa singancika ku:

• Isisindo sakho
• Uhlobo lwe-insulin oyithathayo
• Kungakanani nokuthi udlani
• Izinga lomsebenzi womzimba
• Izinga likashukela egazini lakho
• Ezinye izimo zezempilo

Umhlinzeki wakho angakubala umthamo we-insulin. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokutshela nokuthi uluhlola kanjani futhi nini ushukela wegazi nesikhathi samanani akho emini nasebusuku.

I-insulini ayikwazi ukuthathwa ngomlomo ngoba isisu esine-asidi sonakalisa i-insulin Kuvame ukujovwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba kuzicubu ezinamafutha. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulethwa kwe-insulin ezitholakalayo:

• Isirinji ye-insulin - I-insulin idonswa esitsheni iye kwisirinji. Usebenzisa inaliti, ufaka i-insulin ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• Iphampu ye-insulin - umshini omncane ofakwa emzimbeni upompa i-insulin ngaphansi kwesikhumba usuku lonke. Ishubhu elincane lihlanganisa ipompo nenaliti encane efakwe esikhunjeni.
• Ipeni le-insulin - Izibaya ze-insulin ezilahlwayo zikhethe i-insulin ethunyelwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba kusetshenziswa inaliti engashintshwa.
• I-inhaler - ithuluzi elincane olisebenzisela ukuhogela i-insulin powder ngomlomo wakho. Isetshenziswa ekuqaleni kokudla.
• Imbobo yokujova - ithubhu elifushane lifakwa ezicutshini ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Itheku eliqukethe ishubhu linamathelwa esikhunjeni kusetshenziswa itheyiphu yokunamathela. I-insulin esebenza ngokushesha ifakwa ngaphakathi kweshubhu kusetshenziswa isirinji noma ipeni. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise indawo efanayo yokujova izinsuku ezi-3 ngaphambi kokujikela kusayithi elisha.

Ungakhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuncamelayo lapho unquma indlela yokulethwa kwe-insulin.

I-insulin ijojowe kulawa masayithi emzimbeni:

• Isisu
• Ingalo engenhla
• Amathanga
• Izinqe

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokufundisa ukuthi ungafaka kanjani umjovo we-insulin noma usebenzise ipompo ye-insulin noma enye into.

Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungaliguqula kanjani inani le-insulin oyithathayo:

• Lapho uzivocavoca umzimba
• Uma ugula
• Lapho uzobe udla ukudla okuningi noma okuncane
• Lapho usohambweni
• Ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa

Uma uthatha i-insulin, thinta umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ucabanga ukuthi kungadingeka ushintshe inqubo yakho ye-insulin
• Unezinkinga zokuthatha i-insulin
• Ushukela wegazi lakho uphakeme kakhulu noma uphansi kakhulu futhi awuqondi ukuthi kungani

Isifo sikashukela - i-insulin

• Iphampu ye-insulin
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin nesifo sikashukela

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Diabetes Association. Izisekelo ze-insulin. www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/medication/insulin/insulin-basics.html. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 16, 2015. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 14, 2018.

I-American Diabetes Association. Izindlela ze-Pharmacologic ekwelashweni kwe-glycemic: Amazinga Wokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Esifo Sikashukela-2018. Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela. I-2018; 41 (Suppl 1): S73-S85. I-PMID: 29222379 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222379.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. I-insulin, imithi, nezinye izindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/insulin-medicines-treatments. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 2016. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 14, 2018.

Iwebhusayithi ye-U.S.Ukudla Nezidakamizwa. I-insulini. www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/WomensHealthTopics/ucm216233.htm. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 16, 2018. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 14, 2018.

• Imithi Yesifo Sikashukela