Isifuba somoya ezinganeni

Isifuba somoya yisifo esidala ukuthi imigwaqo yomoya ivuvukale futhi iba mincane. Kuholela ekuphefumuleni, ukuphefumula okuncane, ukuqina kwesifuba, nokukhwehlela.

Isifuba somoya sibangelwa ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) ezindizeni zomoya. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, imisipha ezungeze imigwaqo yomoya iyaqina. Ulwelwesi lwamaphaseji omoya luyakhukhumala. Ngenxa yalokhu, umoya omncane uyakwazi ukudlula.

I-asthma ivame ukubonakala ezinganeni. Kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yezinsuku ezingabanjwanga zesikole nokuvakashelwa kwabantwana ezinganeni. Ukungezwani komzimba yingxenye eyinhloko yesifuba somoya ezinganeni. I-asthma kanye ne-allergies kuvame ukuvela ndawonye.

Ezinganeni ezinemigwaqo yomoya ebucayi, izimpawu zesifuba somoya zingashukunyiswa ukuphefumula ezintweni ezibizwa ngama-allergen, noma izimbangela.

Izimbangela ezivamile ze-asthma zifaka:

• Izilwane (izinwele noma i-dander)
• Uthuli, isikhunta, nempova
• I-aspirin neminye imithi
• Izinguquko kusimo sezulu (imvamisa kuyabanda)
• Amakhemikhali asemoyeni noma ekudleni
• Intuthu kagwayi
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Imizwa enamandla
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, okufana nomkhuhlane ovamile

Izinkinga zokuphefumula zivamile. Zingafaka:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya
• Ukuhogela umoya
• Inkinga yokuphefumula (ukukhipha)
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile

Lapho ingane inenkinga yokuphefumula kanzima, isikhumba sesifuba nentamo singancela ngaphakathi.

Ezinye izimpawu zesifuba somoya ezinganeni zifaka:

• Ukukhwehlela kwesinye isikhathi kuvusa ingane ebusuku (kungaba uphawu kuphela).
• Izikhwama ezimnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo.
• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele.
• Ukuthukuthela.
• Ukuqina esifubeni.
• Umsindo wempempe owenziwe lapho uphefumula (uphefumula). Ungakuqaphela kakhulu lapho ingane iphefumula.

Izimpawu zesifuba somoya zengane yakho zingahluka. Izimpawu zingavela kaningi noma zikhule kuphela uma izimbangela zikhona. Ezinye izingane zinamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu zesifuba somoya ebusuku.

Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzosebenzisa i-stethoscope ukulalela amaphaphu engane. Umhlinzeki angakwazi ukuzwa imisindo yesifuba somoya. Kodwa-ke, imisindo yamaphaphu ivame ukujwayelekile lapho ingane ingahlaselwa yisifuba somoya.

Umhlinzeki uzoba nengane iphefumulele kudivayisi ebizwa nge-peak flow meter. Amamitha wokugeleza okuphezulu angatshela ukuthi ingane ingaphephetha kahle kangakanani emaphashini. Uma imigwaqo yomoya imincane ngenxa yesifuba somoya, amanani wokugeleza okuphezulu ehla.

Wena nengane yakho nizofunda ukukala ukugeleza okuphezulu ekhaya.

Umhlinzeki wengane yakho anga-oda lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba nesikhumba, noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubona ukuthi ingane yakho ayizwani nezinto ezithile
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamaphaphu

Wena nabahlinzeki bengane yakho kufanele nisebenzisane njengeqembu ukudala nokwenza uhlelo lokulwa nesifuba somoya.

Lolu hlelo luzokutshela ukuthi:

• Gwema izimbangela ze-asthma
• Gada izimpawu
• Linganisa ukugeleza okuphezulu
• Thatha imithi

Icebo kufanele futhi likutshele ukuthi ufonela nini umhlinzeki. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo ongayibuza umhlinzeki wengane yakho.

Izingane ezine-asthma zidinga ukwesekwa okuningi esikoleni.

• Nikeza abasebenzi besikole uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwesifuba somoya ukuze bazi ukuthi bangayinakekela kanjani i-asthma yengane yakho.
• Thola ukuthi ungayivumela kanjani ingane yakho ukuthi iphuze umuthi ngezikhathi zesikole. (Ungadinga ukusayina ifomu lokuvuma.)
• Ukuba nesifuba somoya akusho ukuthi ingane yakho ayikwazi ukuzivocavoca. Abaqeqeshi, othisha bokuzivocavoca, nengane yakho kufanele bazi ukuthi benzeni uma ingane yakho inezimpawu zesifuba somoya ezibangelwa ukuzivocavoca umzimba.

IMITHI YESIFO SESIFUBA

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomuthi eziyisisekelo zokwelapha i-asthma.

Izidakamizwa zokulawula isikhathi eside zithathwa nsuku zonke ukuvimbela izimpawu ze-asthma. Ingane yakho kufanele iphuze le mithi noma ngabe zingekho izimpawu ezikhona. Ezinye izingane zingadinga imithi engaphezu kweyodwa yokulawula isikhathi eside.

Izinhlobo zemithi yokulawula isikhathi eside zifaka:

• I-steroids engatholakali (lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokuqala yokwelashwa)
• Ama-bronchodilators asebenza isikhathi eside (lawa cishe asetshenziswa njalo ngama-steroids adonsa ngaphakathi)
• Ama-leukotriene inhibitors
• I-cromolyn sodium

Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha noma yokutakula i-asthma isebenza ngokushesha ukulawula izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Izingane zibathatha lapho bekhwehlela, bephefumula, benenkinga yokuphefumula, noma behlaselwa yisifuba somoya.

Eminye yemithi yesifuba somoya yengane yakho ingaphuzwa kusetshenziswa i-inhaler.

• Izingane ezisebenzisa i-inhaler kufanele zisebenzise i-spacer device. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi bafake umuthi emaphashini kahle.
• Uma ingane yakho isebenzisa i-inhaler ngendlela engafanele, umuthi omncane ungena emaphashini. Cela umhlinzeki wakho akhombise ingane yakho ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani kahle i-inhaler.
• Izingane ezincane zingasebenzisa i-nebulizer esikhundleni se-inhaler ukuthatha imithi yazo. I-nebulizer iguqula umuthi wesifuba ube yinkungu.

UKUQEDA ABADLALI

Kubalulekile ukwazi izimbangela zesifuba somoya sengane yakho. Ukuzigwema kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokusiza ingane yakho izizwe ingcono.

Gcina izilwane ezifuywayo ngaphandle, noma okungenani kude negumbi lokulala lengane.

Akekho umuntu okufanele abheme endlini noma eduze kwengane enesifuba somoya.

• Ukuqeda intuthu kagwayi ekhaya yinto ebaluleke kakhulu umndeni ongayenza ukusiza ingane enesifuba somoya.
• Ukubhema ngaphandle kwendlu akwanele. Amalungu omndeni nezivakashi ezibhemayo baphatha intuthu ngaphakathi ezingutsheni nasezinweleni zabo. Lokhu kungadala izimpawu ze-asthma.
• UNGAYisebenzisi indawo yomlilo yasendlini.

Gcina indlu ihlanzekile. Gcina ukudla ezitsheni nangaphandle kwamakamelo okulala. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba ophela, angaqala ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya. Imikhiqizo yokuhlanza ekhaya kufanele ingabi nasici.

QAPHELA ISIFO SOMQALA SENGANE YAKHO

Ukuhlola ukugeleza okuphezulu kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokulawula i-asthma. Kungakusiza ukuthi ugcine isifuba somoya sengane yakho singabi sibi kakhulu. Ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya ngokuvamile AKWENZEKI ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 kungenzeka zingakwazi ukusebenzisa imitha yokugeleza ephakeme ngokwanele ukuze ibe wusizo. Kodwa-ke, ingane kufanele iqale ukusebenzisa imitha yokugeleza ephakeme isencane ukuyijwayela. Umuntu omdala kufanele njalo abuke izimpawu zesifo se-asthma sengane.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, izingane eziningi ezine-asthma zingaphila impilo ejwayelekile. Lapho i-asthma ingalawulwa kahle, ingaholela esikoleni esilahlekile, izinkinga zokudlala imidlalo, umsebenzi ophuthelwe abazali, nokuvakashelwa okuningi ehhovisi lomhlinzeki nasekamelweni eliphuthumayo.

Izimpawu zesifuba somoya ngokuvamile ziyancipha noma ziphele ngokuphelele lapho ingane ikhula. Isifuba somoya esingalawulwa kahle singaholela ezinkingeni zamaphaphu ezihlala njalo.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-asthma isifo esisongela impilo. Imindeni idinga ukusebenzisana kakhulu nabahlinzeki bayo ukwenza uhlelo lokunakekela ingane enesifuba somoya.

Shayela umhlinzeki wengane yakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inezimpawu ezintsha ze-asthma. Uma ingane yakho kutholakala ukuthi ine-asthma, shayela umhlinzeki:

• Ngemuva kokuvakashelwa kwegumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo
• Lapho izinombolo zokugeleza okuphezulu bezilokhu zehla
• Lapho izimpawu ziba kaningi futhi ziba nzima kakhulu, noma ngabe ingane yakho ilandela uhlelo lwesenzo se-asthma

Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula noma ihlaselwa yisifuba somoya, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zezimo eziphuthumayo zifaka:

• Kunzima ukuphefumula
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni nasebusweni
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngenxa yokuphefumula okuncane
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Ukujuluka
• Ukwehla kwezinga lokuqapha, njengokulala okukhulu noma ukudideka

Ingane ehlaselwa yisifuba somoya kungenzeka idinge ukuhlala esibhedlela futhi ithole umoya-mpilo nemithi ngomthambo (intambo efaka emithanjeni noma i-IV).

I-asthma yezingane; I-asthma - yezingane; Ukuphefumula - isifuba somoya - izingane

• Isifuba somoya nesikole
• Izidakamizwa zokulawula i-asthma
• Isifuba somoya ezinganeni - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Isifuba somoya - izidakamizwa zokusiza ngokushesha
• I-bronchoconstriction ebangelwa ukuzivocavoca
• Ukuzivocavoca nesifuba somoya esikoleni
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-nebulizer
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler - akukho spacer
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler - ene-spacer
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani imitha yakho yokugeleza okuphezulu
• Yenza ukugeleza okuphezulu kube umkhuba
• Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya
• Hlala kude nezimbangela ze-asthma

• I-bronchiole ejwayelekile eqhathaniswa ne-asthmatic
• Inani eliphakeme lokugeleza
• Amaphaphu
• Izimbangela ze-asthma ezivamile

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UJackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Bacharier LB. Ukuphathwa kwesifuba somoya ezinganeni nasezinganeni. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 50.

U-Liu AH, uSpahn JD, uSicherer SH. I-asthma yobuntwana. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 169.

ULugogo N, uQue LG, uGilstrap DL, uKraft M. Asthma: ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwemitholampilo. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 42.

UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-US; Iwebhusayithi yeNational Heart, Lung, neGazi Institute. Ukunakekelwa kwe-asthma ireferensi esheshayo: ukuxilonga nokuphatha i-asthma; imihlahlandlela evela Kuhlelo Lukazwelonke Lwezemfundo Nokuvimbela Isifuba Somoya, umbiko wesigungu sophenyo 3. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/asthma_qrg.pdf. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 2012. Kufinyelelwe kuMeyi 8, 2020.