Ukwehluleka ukuchuma

Ukwehluleka ukuchuma kubhekisa ezinganeni ezinesisindo samanje noma isilinganiso sokuzuza kwesisindo esiphansi kakhulu kunezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo nobulili.

Ukwehluleka ukuchuma kungadalwa yizinkinga zezokwelapha noma izinto ezisendaweni yengane, njengokuhlukunyezwa noma ukunganakwa.

Kunezimbangela eziningi zokwelashwa zokwehluleka ukuchuma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Izinkinga ngezakhi zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome
• Izinkinga zomzimba
• Izinkinga zeHormone
• Ukulimala ebuchosheni noma ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, olungadala ubunzima bokudla enganeni
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu, ezingathinta ukuthi izakhamzimba zihamba kanjani emzimbeni
• I-anemia noma ezinye izifo zegazi
• Izinkinga zamathumbu ezenza kube nzima ukumunca izakhamzimba noma zibangele ukuntuleka kwama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhathi eside (okungapheli)
• Izinkinga zemetabolism
• Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi

Izici zemvelo yengane zifaka:

• Ukulahleka kwesibopho esingokomzwelo phakathi komzali nengane
• Ubumpofu
• Izinkinga ngobudlelwano bokunakekela izingane
• Abazali abaziqondi izidingo ezifanele zokudla kwengane yabo
• Ukuvezwa kwezifo, izimuncagazi, noma ubuthi
• Imikhuba emibi yokudla, njengokudla phambi kwethelevishini nokungabi nezikhathi zokudla ezihlelekile

Izikhathi eziningi, imbangela ayikwazi ukunqunywa.

Izingane ezihluleka ukukhula zingakhuli futhi zikhule ngokujwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane zobudala obufanayo. Kubonakala sengathi kuncane kakhulu noma kufushane. Intsha kungenzeka ingabi nezinguquko ezijwayelekile ezenzeka lapho zithomba.

Izimpawu zokwehluleka ukuchuma zifaka:

• Ukuphakama, isisindo, nobubanzi bekhanda akufani namashadi wokukhula ajwayelekile
• Isisindo singaphansi kwephesenti lesithathu lamashadi wokukhula okujwayelekile noma ama-20% ngaphansi kwesisindo esifanele sokuphakama kwawo
• Ukukhula kungenzeka kwehle noma kwaphela

Okulandelayo kungabambezeleka noma kuphuze ukukhula ezinganeni ezihluleka ukukhula:

• Amakhono omzimba, njengokugingqika, ukuhlala, ukuma nokuhamba
• Amakhono engqondo nawokuhlalisana
• Izici zobulili zesibili (ukubambezeleka kwentsha)

Izingane ezihluleka ukuthola isisindo noma ezikhulayo zivame ukungabi nentshisekelo yokondla noma zibe nenkinga yokuthola inani elifanele lomsoco. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukungondli kahle.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingabonakala enganeni ehluleka ukukhula zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukukhala ngokweqile
• Ukulala ngokweqile (ukucobeka)
• Ukuthukuthela

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abheke ubude bengane, isisindo sayo, nokuma komzimba. Abazali bazobuzwa ngomlando wengane wezokwelapha nowomndeni.

Isivivinyo esikhethekile esibizwa ngeDenver Developmental Screening Test singasetshenziswa ukukhombisa ukubambezeleka entuthukweni. Ishadi lokukhula elichaza zonke izinhlobo zokukhula kusukela ekuzalweni liyakhiwa.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ibhalansi ye-Electrolyte
• I-hemoglobin electrophoresis ukuhlola izimo ezifana nesifo se-sickle cell
• Izifundo zeHormone, kufaka phakathi izivivinyo zomsebenzi we-thyroid
• Ama-X-ray ukuthola iminyaka yobudala bethambo
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu sokukhula okuthuthukile nentuthuko. Ukukhula okubambezelekile ngenxa yezinkinga zokudla okunempilo kungasizwa ngokukhombisa abazali ukuthi bangakunikeza kanjani ukudla okunomsoco.

Unganiki ingane yakho izithasiselo zokudla ezifana ne-Boost noma Qinisekisa ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho kuqala.

Okunye ukwelashwa kuya ngokuthi isimo sinzima kangakanani. Kungalandelwa okulandelayo:

• Khulisa inani lamakhalori nenani loketshezi okutholwa yingane
• Lungisa noma yikuphi ukushoda kwamavithamini noma amaminerali
• Khomba futhi welaphe noma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha

Ingane ingadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela isikhashana.

Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya nokwenza ngcono ubudlelwane bomndeni nezimo zokuphila.

Ukukhula okujwayelekile nokukhula kungathinteka uma ingane yehluleka ukukhula isikhathi eside.

Ukukhula okujwayelekile nokukhula kungaqhubeka uma ingane yehlulekile ukukhula isikhashana, futhi imbangela iyanqunywa futhi yelashwe.

Ukubambezeleka okungapheli kwengqondo, ngokomzwelo noma ngokomzimba kungenzeka.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho ingabonakali ikhula ngokujwayelekile.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kungasiza ukuthola ukwehluleka ukukhula ezinganeni.

Ukwehluleka kokukhula; FTT; Ukuphazamiseka kokudla; Ukudla okungafanele

• Ukudla okunomsoco - izinkinga zokuphatha izingane
• Ishubhu yokudla ye-Gastrostomy - bolus
• Ishubhu yokudla yeJejunostomy

UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM. Ukwehluleka ukuchuma. Ku: UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM, ama-eds. UNelson Essentials Pediatrics. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 21.

UTuray F, uRudolph JA. Ukudla okunomsoco kanye ne-gastroenterology. Ku: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ama-eds. UZitelli noDavis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 11.