Ukubona eduze

Ukubona eduze lapho ukukhanya okungena esweni kugxile ngokungalungile. Lokhu kwenza izinto ezikude zibonakale zifiphele. Ukubona eduze uhlobo lwephutha lokuphinda iso.

Uma ubona eduze, unenkinga yokubona izinto ezikude kakhulu.

Abantu bayakwazi ukubona ngoba ingxenye engaphambili yeso iyagoba (iphinda ikhanye) iyakhanya bese iyigxilisa ku-retina. Lokhu kungaphakathi kwendawo engemuva kweso.

Ukubona eduze kwenzeka lapho kunokungafani phakathi kwamandla okugxila esweni nobude beso. Imisebe ekhanyayo igxile phambi kwe-retina, kunokuba iqonde kuyo ngqo. Ngenxa yalokho, okubonayo kufiphele. Iningi lamandla okugxila kweso livela ku-cornea.

Ukubona eduze kuthinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngokulinganayo. Abantu abanomlando womndeni wokubona eduze basethubeni lokuwuthuthukisa. Amehlo amaningi ngokubona kuseduze anempilo. Kodwa-ke, inani elincane labantu abanokubona okuseduze kakhulu lakha uhlobo lokuwohloka kwethambo.

Ubude bokukhanya obukhulu emvelweni wakho bungathinta ukukhula kwe-myopia. Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle singaholela ku-myopia encane.

Umuntu obonela eduze ubona kahle izinto ezisondele eduze, kepha izinto ezikude zifiphele. Ukuqopha amehlo kuzojwayela ukwenza izinto ezikude zibonakale zicace bha.

Ukubona eduze kuvame ukubonwa okokuqala ezinganeni ezineminyaka yesikole noma kwentsha. Izingane kaningi azikwazi ukufunda ibhodi, kepha zingafunda incwadi kalula.

Ukubona kusengaphambili kuya kuba kubi kakhulu phakathi neminyaka yokukhula. Abantu ababona eduze bangadinga ukushintsha izingilazi noma ama-lens wokuxhumana kaningi. Ukubona eduze kuvame ukuyeka ukuthuthuka njengoba umuntu eyeka ukukhula eminyakeni yakhe yamashumi amabili.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Isibuko samehlo
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda (akuvamile)

Umuntu obonela eduze angalifunda kalula ishadi leso leJaeger (ishadi lokufundwa okuseduze), kepha unenkinga yokufunda ishadi leso leSnellen (ishadi lebanga).

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile, noma ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwamehlo kungafaka:

• Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi yamehlo (tonometry)
• Refraction test, ukunquma imithi efanele izibuko
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-retinal
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani sezakhiwo ezakhiwe ngaphambili kwamehlo
• Ukuhlolwa kombono wombala, ukubheka ukungaboni kahle kombala
• Ukuhlolwa kwemisipha okuhambisa amehlo
• Ubungqabavu obubonakalayo, bobabili buqamama (Snellen), bese uvala (Jaeger)

Ukugqoka izibuko zamehlo noma amalensi oxhumana nawo kungasiza ekushintsheni ukugxila kwesithombe sokukhanya ngqo kwi-retina. Lokhu kuzokhiqiza isithombe esicacile.

Ukuhlinzwa okuvame kakhulu ukulungisa i-myopia yi-LASIK. I-laser ye-excimer isetshenziselwa ukulungisa kabusha (ukuthambisa) i-cornea, ukuguqula ukugxila. Uhlobo olusha lokuhlinzwa kwe-laser refraction olubizwa nge-SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) nalo livunyelwe ukusetshenziswa e-U.S.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kokubona eduze kubalulekile. Ingane ingahlupheka emphakathini nakwezemfundo ngokungakwazi ukubona kahle kude.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Izilonda ze-Corneal kanye nokutheleleka kungenzeka kubantu abasebenzisa ama-lens oxhumana nabo.
• Akuvamile, izinkinga zokulungiswa kombono we-laser zingenzeka. Lokhu kungaba kubi.
• Abantu abane-myopia, ezimweni ezingavamile, bahlakulela ama-retinal detachments noma i-retinal degeneration.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ingane yakho ibonisa lezi zimpawu, ezingakhombisa inkinga yombono:

• Unenkinga yokufunda ibhodi lesikole noma izimpawu odongeni
• Ukubamba izincwadi eduze kakhulu lapho kufundwa
• Ehleli eduzane nethelevishini

Shayela udokotela wamehlo wakho uma wena noma ingane yakho ubonela eduze futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuthi kungenzeka kube nezinyembezi zethambo noma ithimba, kufaka phakathi:

• Izibani ezikhanyayo
• Izindawo ezintantayo
• Ukulahleka okungazelelwe kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yenkambu yombono

Kukholakala ngokujwayelekile ukuthi ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukubona eduze. Ukufunda nokubuka ithelevishini akubangeli ukubona eduze. Esikhathini esedlule, kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukwehla kwamaconsi emithi njengokwelashwa ukunciphisa ukukhula kokubona okuseduze ezinganeni, kepha lezo zifundo zokuqala bezingahambisani. Kodwa-ke, kunolwazi lwakamuva lokuthi ama-eyedrops athile axegayo asetshenziswa ezinganeni ezithile ngesikhathi esifanele, anganciphisa inani eliphelele lokubona eduze abazokuthuthukisa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezingilazi noma ama-contact lens akuthinti ukuqhubeka okujwayelekile kwe-myopia - kumane kugxile ekukhanyeni ukuze umuntu obonela eduze abone kahle izinto ezikude. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi unganikeli izibuko noma amalensi wokuxhumana anamandla kakhulu. Ama-lens wokuxhumana aqinile kwesinye isikhathi angafihla ukuqhubeka kokubona eduze, kepha umbono usazoqhubeka ube mubi "ngaphansi" kwelensi yokuxhumana.

I-Myopia; Ukungaboni kahle; Iphutha lokubonisa - ukubona eduze

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo
• Okujwayelekile, ukubona eduze, nokubona kude
• Ukuhlinzwa kweso kweLasik - uchungechunge

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U-Olitsky SE, uMarsh JD. Ukungajwayelekile kokuphanjiswa nendawo yokuhlala. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 638.

UTorii H, Ohnuma K, Kurihara T, Tsubota K, Negishi K. Violet ukudluliswa kokukhanya kuhlobene nokuqhubekela phambili kwe-myopia ku-myopia ephezulu yabantu abadala. Sci Rep. 2017; 7 (1): 14523. I-PMID: 29109514 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29109514/.