I-Optic glioma

AmaGliomas yizicubu ezikhula ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho. I-Optic gliomas ingathinta:

• Imithambo eyodwa noma yomibili yemithambo ethwala imininingwane ebonakalayo iye ebuchosheni iso ngalinye
• I-optic chiasm, indawo lapho izinzwa ze-optic ziwela khona phambi kwe-hypothalamus yobuchopho

I-optic glioma nayo ingakhula kanye ne-hypothalamic glioma.

I-Optic gliomas ayivamile. Imbangela yama-optic gliomas ayaziwa. Ama-gliomas amaningi we-optic akhula kancane futhi awunomdlavuza (benign) futhi avela ezinganeni, cishe njalo ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-20. Amacala amaningi atholakala eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala.

Kukhona ukuhlangana okuqinile phakathi kwe-optic glioma nohlobo lwe-neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1).

Izimpawu zibangelwa isimila esikhulayo futhi sicindezela emithanjeni ye-optic nasezakhiweni eziseduze. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukunyakaza kwenhlamvu yeso okungazinikeli
• Ukuqhuma kwangaphandle kwehlo elilodwa noma womabili
• Ukuqothula amehlo
• Ukulahleka kombono kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo aqala ngokulahleka kombono wangaphandle futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekuphuphuthekeni

Ingane ingakhombisa izimpawu ze-diencephalic syndrome, efaka:

• Ukulala emini
• Ukwehla kwenkumbulo nokusebenza kobuchopho
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Ukukhula okubambezelekile
• Ukulahleka kwamafutha omzimba
• Ukuhlanza

Ukuhlolwa kobuchopho nohlelo lwezinzwa (i-neurologic) kuveza ukulahleka kombono kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo. Kungaba nezinguquko emthanjeni we-optic, kufaka phakathi ukuvuvukala noma ukusikeka kwe-nerve, noma ukuphaphatheka nokulimala kwe-optic disc.

Isimila singadlulela ezingxenyeni ezijulile zobuchopho. Kungaba khona izimpawu zokucindezela okwandayo ebuchosheni (ingcindezi yangaphakathi). Kungaba khona izimpawu zohlobo lwe-neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• I-Cerebral angiography
• Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu ezisuswe ku-tumor ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma i-biopsy eqondiswa yi-CT scan ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwesimila
• I-Head CT scan noma i-MRI yekhanda
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo

Ukwelashwa kuyahluka ngosayizi wesimila nempilo yomuntu ojwayelekile. Umgomo kungaba ukwelapha lesi sifo, ukukhulula izimpawu, noma ukuthuthukisa umbono nenduduzo.

Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha isimila kungaphulukisa ama-gicoma e-optic. Ukususwa okuncane ukunciphisa usayizi wesimila kungenziwa ezimweni eziningi. Lokhu kuzogcina isimila singalimazi izicubu zobuchopho ezijwayelekile ezisizungezile. I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izingane. I-Chemotherapy ingaba wusizo ngokukhethekile lapho isimila sidlulela kwi-hypothalamus noma uma umbono uye waba mubi ngokukhula kwesimila.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganconywa kwezinye izimo lapho isimila sikhula naphezu kwamakhemikhali, futhi ukuhlinzwa akunakwenzeka. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungabambezeleka ngoba isimila sikhula kancane. Izingane ezine-NF1 ngokuvamile ngeke zithole imisebe ngenxa yemiphumela emibi.

I-Corticosteroids ingahle inqunyelwe ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe, noma uma izimpawu zibuya.

Izinhlangano ezinikeza ukwesekwa kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe zifaka phakathi:

• I-Oncology Group Yezingane - www.childrensoncologygroup.org
• Inethiwekhi yeNeurofibromatosis - www.nfnetwork.org

Umbono uhluke kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa ithuba lomphumela omuhle. Ukulandelelwa ngokucophelela neqembu lokunakekela elibhekane nalolu hlobo lwesimila kubalulekile.

Lapho umbono ulahlekile kusuka ekukhuleni kwesimila se-optic, kungenzeka ungabuyi.

Imvamisa, ukukhula kwesimila kuhamba kancane, futhi isimo sihlala sizinzile isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, isimila singaqhubeka sikhule, ngakho-ke kufanele sibhekwe ngeso elibukhali.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo nganoma yikuphi ukulahleka kombono, ukuqhuma kobuhlungu kweso, noma ezinye izimpawu zalesi simo.

Ukwelulekwa ngofuzo kungelulekwa kubantu abane-NF1. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kungavumela ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwalezi zicubu ngaphambi kokuba kubangele izimpawu.

I-glioma - i-optic; I-optic nerve glioma; I-juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma; Umdlavuza wobuchopho - i-optic glioma

• I-Neurofibromatosis I - i-optic foramen eyandisiwe

U-Eberhart CG. I-adnexa yamehlo ne-ocular. Ku: Goldblum JR, Lamps LW, McKenney JK, Myers JL, eds. URosai no-Ackerman's Pathology Yokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 45.

UGoodden J, uMallucci C. Optic wendlela yama-hypothalamic gliomas. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Youmans neWinn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 207.

U-Olitsky SE, uMarsh JD. Ukungajwayelekile kwe-optic nerve. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 649.