I-Neonatal hypothyroidism

I-Neonatal hypothyroidism inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni yegilo enganeni esanda kuzalwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ayikho i-hormone yegilo ekhiqizwa. Lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi i-congenital hypothyroidism. I-Congenital isho ukubakhona kusukela ekuzalweni.

Indlala yegilo iyisitho esibalulekile sohlelo lwe-endocrine. Itholakala ngaphambili entanyeni, ngenhla nje lapho kuhlangana khona amathambo ekhololo. Indlala yegilo yenza ama-hormone alawula indlela wonke amaseli emzimbeni asebenzisa ngayo amandla. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-metabolism.

I-Hypothyroidism enganeni esanda kuzalwa ingabangelwa:

• Indlala yegilo yegciwane elahlekile noma engakhuli kahle
• Indlala ye-pituitary engavuseleli indlala yegilo
• Amahomoni wegilo akhiwe kahle noma angasebenzi
• Imithi umama ayithatha ngesikhathi ekhulelwe
• Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine ekudleni komama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ama-antibody enziwe ngumzimba womama avimba umsebenzi wegilo lengane

Indlala yegilo engakakhuli ngokuphelele yisona sifo esivame kakhulu. Amantombazane athinteka kabili kaningi kunabafana.

Izinsana eziningi ezithintekile zinezimpawu ezimbalwa noma azinazo nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga labo le-hormone yegilo liphansi kancane. Izinsana ezine-hypothyroidism enamandla zivame ukubukeka okuhlukile, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukubukeka okuncane
• Ubuso obukhukhumele
• Ulimi olujiyile olunamathela ngaphandle

Lokhu kubukeka kuvame ukukhula lapho isifo siba sibi kakhulu.

Ingane ingaba nayo:

• Ukondla okungafanele, iziqephu zokuminyaniswa
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Izinwele ezomile, eziqhekekile
• Ukukhala ngokuhoshozela
• I-jaundice (isikhumba nabamhlophe bamehlo babukeka bephuzi)
• Ukungabi nethoni yemisipha (i-floppy baby)
• Izinwele eziphansi
• Ukuphakama okufushane
• Ukulala
• Ubuvila

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kosana kungakhombisa:

• Ukwehla kwethoni yemisipha
• Ukukhula kancane
• Ukukhala okuzwakalayo noma izwi
• Izingalo nemilenze emifushane
• Izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ezithambile kugebhezi (fontanelles)
• Izandla ezibanzi ezineminwe emifushane
• Amathambo ogebhezi ahlukaniswe kabanzi

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-thyroid. Ezinye izivivinyo zingafaka:

• Iskena sendlala yegilo
• I-X-ray yamathambo amade

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Iningi lemiphumela ye-hypothyroidism kulula ukuyiguqula. Ngalesi sizathu, amazwe amaningi ase-US adinga ukuthi zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zihlolwe i-hypothyroidism.

I-Thyroxine ivame ukunikezwa ukwelapha i-hypothyroidism. Lapho ingane iqala ukuthatha lo muthi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga e-hormone yegilo asezingeni elijwayelekile.

Ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kusheshe kuholele emphumeleni omuhle. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zitholakale futhi zelashwe ngenyanga yokuqala noma njalo zivame ukuba nobuhlakani obujwayelekile.

I-hypothyroidism emincane engalashiwe ingaholela ekukhubazekeni okukhulu kwengqondo nasekukhuleni. Isistimu yezinzwa idlula ekukhuleni okubalulekile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ukuntuleka kwamahomoni wegilo kungadala umonakalo ongeke uhlehliswe.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma:

• Uzwa ingane yakho ikhombisa izimpawu noma izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism
• Ukhulelwe futhi uvezwe izidakamizwa noma izinqubo ze-antithyroid

Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ethatha iodine enemisebe yomdlavuza wegilo, indlala yegilo ingabhujiswa embungwini osakhulayo. Izinsana omama bazo abathathe le mithi kufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela ngemuva kokuzalwa ngezimpawu ze-hypothyroidism. Futhi, abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bagweme usawoti ongezwe nge-iodine.

Izifundazwe eziningi zidinga ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okujwayelekile ukubheka zonke izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ukuthola i-hypothyroidism. Uma izwe lakho lingenayo le mfuneko, cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa kufanele ihlolwe yini.

IsiCretinism; I-hypothyroidism engokwemvelo

UChuang J, uGutmark-Little I, uRose SR. Ukuphazamiseka kwendlala yegilo ku-neonate. Ku: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, ama-eds. UFanaroff noMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Izifo Zengane Nengane. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 97.

UWassner AJ, uSmith JR. I-Hypothyroidism. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 581.