Isifo sikashukela nesifo samehlo

Isifo sikashukela singalimaza amehlo. Kungalimaza imithambo yegazi emincane ku-retina, ingxenye engemuva yeso lakho. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.

Isifo sikashukela sandisa namathuba okuba ne-glaucoma, i-cataract, nezinye izinkinga zamehlo.

I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ibangelwa ukulimala kwesifo sikashukela kuya emithanjeni yegazi ye-retina. I-retina ungqimba lwezicubu ngemuva kweso langaphakathi. Ishintsha ukukhanya nezithombe ezingena esweni zibe amasignali ezinzwa, athunyelwa ebuchosheni.

I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela iyimbangela enkulu yokwehla kombono noma ukungaboni kubantu baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-74. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo lwesibili basengozini yalesi simo.

Ithuba lokuthuthukisa i-retinopathy nokuba nefomu elibi kakhulu liphezulu uma:

• Unesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside.
• Ushukela wegazi lakho (i-glucose) alulawulwanga kahle.
• Ubhema futhi noma une-high blood pressure noma i-cholesterol ephezulu.

Uma usuvele unomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi esweni lakho, ezinye izinhlobo zokuzivocavoca zingenza inkinga ibe yimbi kakhulu. Buza kumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.

Ezinye izinkinga zamehlo ezingenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela zifaka:

• I-Cataract - Ukugqama kwelensi yamehlo.
• I-Glaucoma - Ingcindezi eyandisiwe esweni engaholela ekungaboni.
• I-Macular edema - Umbono ofiphele ngenxa yokuvuza okusamanzi okungena endaweni ye-retina enikeza umbono obukhali ophakathi nendawo.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Retinal - Ukugqashuka okungadala ukuthi ingxenye ye-retina isuke ngemuva kwenhlamvu yeso lakho.

Ushukela wegazi ophakeme noma izinguquko ezisheshayo ezingeni likashukela egazini ngokuvamile kubangela ukungaboni kahle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ilensi ephakathi neso ayikwazi ukushintsha ukuma lapho inoshukela omningi namanzi ku-lens. Le akuyona inkinga efanayo ne-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.

Imvamisa, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ayinazo izimpawu kuze kube yilapho umonakalo wamehlo akho unzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukonakala kwengxenye enkulu ye-retina kungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umbono wakho uthinteke.

Izimpawu ze-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela zifaka:

• Ukubona okufiphele nokulahleka kombono okuhamba kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izikhukhula
• Izithunzi noma izindawo ezingekho zombono
• Inkinga yokubona ebusuku

Abantu abaningi abane-retinopathy yokuqala yesifo sikashukela abanazimpawu ngaphambi kokuphuma kwegazi esweni. Yingakho wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele abe nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo.

Udokotela wamehlo wakho uzohlola amehlo akho. Ungaqale ucelwe ukuthi ufunde ishadi lamehlo. Ngemuva kwalokho uzothola amaconsi ezamehlo ukukhulisa izinhlamvu zamehlo akho. Izivivinyo okungenzeka ukuthi uzibandakanya:

• Ukulinganisa ukucindezela koketshezi ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho (i-tonometry)
• Ukuhlola izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho (ukuhlolwa kwesibani)
• Ukuhlola nokuthwebula ama-retinas akho (i-fluorescein angiography)

Uma unesigaba sokuqala se-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela (okungeyona eyokuvikela), udokotela wamehlo angabona:

• Imithambo yegazi esweni emikhulu ezindaweni ezithile (ebizwa ngama-microaneurysms)
• Imithambo yegazi evinjiwe
• Ukopha okuncane (ukopha kwethina) kanye noketshezi oluvuza ku-retina

Uma uthuthukise i-retinopathy (eyandayo), udokotela wamehlo angabona:

• Imithambo yegazi emisha eqala ukukhula esweni ebuthakathaka futhi engopha
• Izibazi ezincane ezakha kwi-retina nakwezinye izingxenye zeso (i-vitreous)

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwehlukile kunokuya kudokotela wamehlo (udokotela wamehlo) ukuze kuhlolwe umbono wakho nokubona ukuthi uyazidinga yini izingilazi ezintsha. Uma ubona ushintsho kumbono futhi ubona udokotela wamehlo, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wamehlo ukuthi unesifo sikashukela.

Abantu abane-retinopathy yokuqala yesifo sikashukela kungenzeka bangadingi ukwelashwa. Kepha kufanele zilandelwe eduze ngudokotela wamehlo oqeqeshelwe ukwelapha izifo zamehlo zesifo sikashukela.

Lapho nje udokotela wamehlo wakho eqaphela imithambo yegazi emisha ekhula ku-retina yakho (neovascularization) noma uba ne-edema ye-macular, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka.

Ukuhlinzwa ngamehlo ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.

• Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo nge-Laser kudala ukusha okuncane ku-retina lapho kunemithambo yegazi engajwayelekile. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-photocoagulation. Isetshenziselwa ukugcina imikhumbi ingavuzi, noma ukuncipha kwemikhumbi engajwayelekile.
• Ukuhlinzwa okubizwa nge-vitrectomy kusetshenziswa lapho kuphuma ukopha (ukopha) esweni. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa iqembu le-retinal.

Imithi ejoyinwe inhlamvu yeso ingasiza ekuvikeleni imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile ukuthi ikhule.

Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wamehlo wakho sokuthi ungawuvikela kanjani umbono wakho. Yiba nokuhlolwa kwamehlo kaningi njengokunconyiwe, imvamisa kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengu-2.

Uma unesifo sikashukela futhi ushukela wegazi ubuphezulu kakhulu, udokotela wakho uzokunika imithi emisha yokwehlisa izinga likashukela egazini. Uma une-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, umbono wakho ungaba mubi isikhashana lapho uqala ukuthatha umuthi othuthukisa masinyane izinga likashukela egazini lakho.

Izinsizakusebenza eziningi zingakusiza uqonde kabanzi ngesifo sikashukela. Ungafunda futhi izindlela zokuphatha i-retinopathy yakho yesifo sikashukela.

• I-American Diabetes Association - www.diabetes.org
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes
• Vimbela Ubumpumputhe Melika - www.preventblindness.org

Ukuphatha isifo sikashukela kungasiza ekubambeni ukubonwa kabusha kwesifo sikashukela kanye nezinye izinkinga zamehlo. Lawula izinga lakho likashukela egazini (ushukela) ngo:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo
• Ukuhlola ushukela wakho wegazi kaningi njengokuyalelwa ngumhlinzeki wakho wesifo sikashukela nokugcina amarekhodi ezinombolo zakho ukuze wazi izinhlobo zokudla nemisebenzi ethinta izinga likashukela egazini lakho
• Ukuthatha umuthi noma i-insulin njengokuyalelwa

Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukulahleka kombono. Azilaphi i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela noma ziguqule izinguquko esezenzekile.

Isifo samehlo sikashukela singaholela ekunciphiseni ukubona nokungaboni.

Shayela ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wamehlo (ophthalmologist) uma unesifo sikashukela futhi ungakaze umbone udokotela wezifo zamehlo ngonyaka odlule.

Shayela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ezintsha noma eziba zimbi kakhulu:

• Awukwazi ukubona kahle ekukhanyeni okuncane.
• Unamabala angaboni.
• Unombono ophindwe kabili (ubona izinto ezimbili uma kukhona eyodwa kuphela).
• Ukubona kwakho kufiphele noma kufiphele futhi awukwazi ukugxila.
• Unobuhlungu kwelinye lamehlo akho.
• Uphethwe yikhanda.
• Ubona amabala entanta emehlweni akho.
• Awukwazi ukubona izinto ohlangothini lwenkambu yakho yombono.
• Ubona izithunzi.

Ukulawulwa kahle kukashukela wegazi, umfutho wegazi, kanye ne-cholesterol kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukubuya kwesifo sikashukela.

UNGABHALI. Uma udinga usizo lokuyeka, buza umhlinzeki wakho.

Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela abakhulelwayo kufanele babe nokuhlolwa kaningi kwamehlo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nonyaka ngemuva kokubeletha.

I-retinopathy - isifo sikashukela; I-Photocoagulation - i-retina; I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela

• Ukunakekelwa kwamehlo sikashukela
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela nokuhlolwa
• Thayipha i-2 yesifo sikashukela - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho

• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani
• I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela

I-American Diabetes Association. 11.Izinkinga ze-Microvascular nokunakekelwa kwezinyawo: amazinga wokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kusifo sikashukela - 2020. Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S135-S151. I-PMID: 31862754 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862754/.

I-Lim JI. I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 6.22.

Skugor M. Isifo sikashukela. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, abahleli. URitina kaRyan. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 49.