I-Leptospirosis

I-Leptospirosis ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane e-leptospira.

Lawa magciwane angatholakala emanzini amasha angcoliswe umchamo wezilwane. Ungatheleleka uma udla noma uhlangana namanzi noma inhlabathi engcolisiwe. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ezindaweni ezifudumele. I-Leptospirosis ayisakazeki isuka kumuntu iye komunye umuntu, ngaphandle kwezimo ezingavamile kakhulu.

Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• Ukuvezwa emsebenzini - abalimi, abafuyi, abasebenza ekuhlatshweni, izicupho, odokotela bezilwane, abagawuli bemithi, abasebenza ngamapayipi endle, abasebenza emasimini elayisi kanye nabezempi
• Imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa - ukubhukuda kwamanzi amasha, ukuhamba ngesikebhe, i-kayaking, nokuhamba ngebhayisikili ezindaweni ezifudumele
• Ukuvezwa komndeni - izinja ezifuywayo, imfuyo efuywayo, izinhlelo zamanzi emvula, namagundane athelelekile

Isifo seWeil, uhlobo olunzima lwe-leptospirosis, akuvamile ezwenikazi lase-United States. IHawaii inesibalo esiphezulu samacala e-United States.

Izimpawu zingathatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingama-30 (isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyishumi) ukukhula, futhi kungafaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okomile
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nohudo
• Ukunyakazisa amakhaza

Izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Amaphaphu angajwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo
• Ububomvu beConjunctival ngaphandle koketshezi
• Izindlala ze-lymph ezandisiwe
• Ubende obukhulisiwe noma isibindi
• Izinhlungu ezihlangene
• Ukuqina kwemisipha
• Ubumnene bemisipha
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Umphimbo obuhlungu

Igazi lihlolelwa amasosha omzimba kumagciwane. Phakathi kwezinye izigaba zokugula, amagciwane ngokwawo angatholakala kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• I-Creatine kinase
• Ama-enzyme wesibindi
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Amasiko egazi

Imithi yokwelapha i-leptospirosis ifaka:

• I-Ampicillin
• I-Azithromycin
• I-Ceftriaxone
• I-Doxycycline
• I-penicillin

Amacala ayinkimbinkimbi noma abucayi angadinga ukunakekelwa okusekelayo. Ungadinga ukwelashwa egumbini labagula kakhulu esibhedlela (i-ICU).

Umbono ngokuvamile muhle. Kodwa-ke, icala eliyinkimbinkimbi lingabulala uma lingelashwa ngokushesha.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukusabela kwe-Jarisch-Herxheimer lapho kunikezwa i-penicillin
• I-Meningitis
• Ukopha kakhulu

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unezimpawu, noma izici zobungozi ze-leptospirosis.

Gwema izindawo ezinamanzi amile noma amanzi ezikhukhula, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo. Uma uchayeka endaweni enobungozi obukhulu, qaphela ukugwema ukutheleleka. Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, izicathulo noma amabhuzu lapho useduze kwamanzi noma inhlabathi ingcoliswe umchamo wezilwane. Ungathatha i-doxycycline ukunciphisa ubungozi.

Isifo se-Weil; Umkhuhlane we-Icterohemorrhagic; Isifo se-Swineherd; Umkhuhlane werayisi-ensimini; Umkhuhlane wokusika umoba; Umkhuhlane wexhaphozi; Umkhuhlane wodaka; I-jaundice eyophayo; Isifo seStuttgart; Umkhuhlane weCanicola

• Amasosha omzimba

IGalloway RL, iStoddard RA, iSchafer IJ. I-Leptospirosis. I-CDC Yellow Book 2020: Imininingwane Yezempilo Yomhambi Wangaphandle. Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo. wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home. Kubuyekezwe ngoJulayi 18, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 7, 2020.

IHaake DA, iLevett PN. Izinhlobo ze-Leptospira (leptospirosis). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 239.

UZaki S, Shieh WJ. I-Leptospirosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 307.