Uvendle

Uvendle yisifo segciwane esingathinta izinzwa futhi singaholela ekukhubazekeni okuyingxenye noma okugcwele. Igama lezokwelashwa uvendle yi-poliomyelitis.

Uvendle yisifo esibangelwa ukutheleleka nge-poliovirus. Igciwane lisakazeka ngo:

• Ukuxhumana ngqo nomuntu nomuntu
• Thinta amafinyila noma i-phlegm enegciwane elivela ekhaleni noma emlonyeni
• Ukuthintana nendle enegciwane

Leli gciwane lingena ngomlomo nangamakhala, liphindaphindeke emphinjeni nasemgodini wamathumbu, bese liyamuncwa futhi lisabalale ngegazi nangezitho zamangqamuzana. Isikhathi sokungenwa yigciwane kuye ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zezifo (ukufukamela) sisukela ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-35 (ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-14). Iningi labantu alizivezi izimpawu.

Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• Ukungabi nokugonyelwa uvendle
• Ukuya endaweni eye yaqubuka isifo sofuba

Njengomphumela womkhankaso wokugoma womhlaba wonke eminyakeni engama-25 edlule, uvendle lususwe kakhulu. Lesi sifo sisekhona emazweni athile e-Afrika nase-Asia, ngokuqubuka kwezifo kuvela emaqenjini abantu abangakagonywe. Ukuthola uhlu olusha lwamazwe, vakashela iwebhusayithi: www.polioeradication.org.

Kunamaphethini amane ayisisekelo okutheleleka ngovendle: ukutheleleka okungabonakali, izifo ezikhipha isisu, ukungasebenzi komzimba, nokukhubazeka.

UKUTHELELEKA OKUNGENAKWENZEKA

Iningi labantu abatheleleke nge-poliovirus banezifo ezingekho. Imvamisa azinazo izimpawu. Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi ngabe umuntu unalesi sifo yini ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma okunye ukuhlolwa ukuthola igciwane esitokisini noma emphinjeni.

ISIFO ESIKHIPHISAYO

Abantu abanesifo esikhipha isisu baba nezimpawu cishe emasontweni amabili kuya kwamabili ngemuva kokungenwa yigciwane. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Umkhuhlane izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3
• Ukungakhululeki okuvamile noma ukungakhululeki (i-malaise)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu besisu

Lezi zimpawu zihlala kuze kube yizinsuku ezinhlanu bese abantu belulama ngokuphelele. Azinazo izimpawu zezinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa.

IPOLIYO ENGANGAPHAKATHI

Abantu abakha lolu hlobo lovendle banezimpawu zikapholiyo okhipha isisu futhi izimpawu zabo ziba namandla kakhulu. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Imisipha eqinile futhi ebuhlungu ngemuva kwentamo, isiqu, izingalo nemilenze
• Izinkinga zomchamo nokuqunjelwa
• Izinguquko ekuphenduleni kwemisipha (ingqondo) njengoba isifo siqhubeka

I-PARALYTIC POLIO

Leli fomu likapolio likhula ngamaphesenti amancane abantu abanesifo sofuba. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi lezo zikapholiyo okhipha isisu futhi ezingakhubazeki. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukukhubazeka, ukulahleka kwezicubu zemisipha
• Ukuphefumula okubuthakathaka
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukumunca amathe
• Izwi elihoshozelayo
• Ukuqunjelwa okukhulu nezinkinga zomchamo

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathola:

• Izimo ezingejwayelekile
• Ukuqina kwangemuva
• Kunzima ukuphakamisa ikhanda noma imilenze lapho ulele phansi ngemuva
• Intamo eqinile
• Inkinga yokugoba intamo

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Amasiko wokugeza umphimbo, indle, noma uketshezi lomgogodla
• Thepha umgogodla nokuhlolwa komgogodla (ukuhlolwa kwe-CSF) usebenzisa ukusabela kwe-polymerase chain (PCR)
• Hlola amazinga ama-antibody egciwane le-polio

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu ngenkathi ukutheleleka kuqhubeka. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu kutheleleka ngegciwane.

Abantu abanezimo ezinzima bangadinga izinyathelo zokusindisa impilo, njengokusizwa ngokuphefumula.

Izimpawu ziphathwa ngokuya ngokuthi zinzima kangakanani. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Imithi elwa namagciwane yezifo zomgudu womchamo
• Ukushisa okumanzi (amapayipi wokushisa, amathawula afudumele) ukunciphisa izinhlungu zemisipha kanye nama-spasms
• Ama-painkillers ukunciphisa ikhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha, nama-spasms (ama-narcotic awavame ukunikezwa ngoba andisa ingozi yokuphefumula)
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, izinsimbi noma izicathulo zokulungisa, noma ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo ukusiza ukuthola amandla nokusebenza kwemisipha

Umbono uncike ohlotsheni lwalesi sifo nasendaweni yomzimba ethintekile. Isikhathi esiningi, ukululama okuphelele kungenzeka uma umgogodla nobuchopho kungabandakanyeki.

Ukubandakanyeka kobuchopho noma komgogodla kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingaholela ekukhubazekeni noma ekufeni (imvamisa kusuka ezinkingeni zokuphefumula).

Ukukhubazeka kuvame kakhulu kunokufa. Ukutheleleka okutholakala phezulu emgogodleni noma ebuchosheni kwandisa ubungozi bezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Izinkinga zempilo ezingabangelwa uvendle zibandakanya:

• I-pneumonia yokuphefumula
• I-Cor pulmonale (uhlobo lokwehluleka kwenhliziyo olutholakala ohlangothini lwesokunene lohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi)
• Ukungabi nokunyakaza
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu
• I-myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo)
• Ileus ekhubazekile (ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wamathumbu)
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha unomphela, ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka
• I-edema ye-pulmonary (ukwakheka okungavamile kuketshezi emaphashini)
• Ukushaqeka
• Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo

I-Post-polio syndrome iyinkinga eba khona kwabanye abantu, imvamisa iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokutheleleka okokuqala. Imisipha ebivele ibuthaka ingahle ibe buthakathaka. Ubuthakathaka bungaphinde bukhule emisipheni ebingazange ithinteke ngaphambili.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Umuntu osondelene nawe une-poliomyelitis futhi awugonyiwe.
• Uba nezimpawu zepoliyo.
• Ukugonyelwa uvendle kwengane yakho (umuthi wokugomela) akusesikhathini.

Ukugonyelwa uvendle (umuthi wokugoma) kuvimbela ngempumelelo i-poliomyelitis kubantu abaningi (ukugoma kungaphezu kwama-90% okusebenzayo).

I-Poliomyelitis; Ukukhubazeka kwezinsana; I-Post-polio syndrome

• I-Poliomyelitis

UJorgensen S, u-Arnold WD. Izifo zemoto neuron. Ku: Cifu DX, ed. I-Braddom's Physical Medicine kanye nokuvuselelwa. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 40.

URomero JR. I-Poliovirus. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 171.

Simões EAF. Ama-Polioviruses. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 276.