Ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo

Ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwemisindo yokukhuluma. Ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo yokukhuluma ukungakwazi ukwakha kahle imisindo yamagama. Ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo yokukhuluma kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kokucacisa, ukungathandi, nokuphazamiseka kwezwi.

Izingane ezinokuphazamiseka kwemisindo azisebenzisi eminye noma yonke imisindo yenkulumo ukwakha amagama njengokulindelekile enganeni engangawo.

Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubafana.

Imbangela yokuphazamiseka kwemisindo ezinganeni ivame ukungaziwa. Izihlobo eziseduze kungenzeka zazinenkinga yokukhuluma neyolimi.

Enganeni ekhula amaphethini ejwayelekile enkulumo:

• Ngeminyaka engu-3, ​​okungenani ingxenye eyodwa yalokho okushiwo yingane kufanele iqondwe ngumuntu ongamazi.
• Ingane kufanele yenze imisindo eminingi kahle ngeminyaka engu-4 noma engu-5, ngaphandle kwemisindo embalwa efana ne- l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh, futhi th.
• Imisindo eqinile kungenzeka ingalungi ngokuphelele kuze kube yiminyaka engu-7 noma engu-8.

Kujwayelekile ukuthi izingane ezincane zenze amaphutha ekukhulumeni njengoba ulimi lwazo lukhula.

Izingane ezinokuphazamiseka kwemisindo zilokhu zisebenzisa izindlela ezingalungile zokukhuluma ezidlule iminyaka obekufanele ziyeke ukuzisebenzisa.

Imithetho yenkulumo noma amaphethini angalungile afaka ukulahla umsindo wokuqala noma wokugcina wegama ngalinye noma ukufaka eminye imisindo esikhundleni sabanye.

Izingane zingawushiya ngaphandle umsindo yize zikwazi ukubiza umsindo ofanayo lapho zivela ngamanye amagama noma ngamagama angasho lutho. Isibonelo, ingane ewisa ongwaqa bokugcina ingathi "boo" ye "book" ne "pi" ye "pig", kepha kungenzeka ingabi nankinga ngokusho amagama anjengokuthi "key" noma "go".

La maphutha angenza kube nzima kwabanye abantu ukuqonda ingane. Amalungu omndeni kuphela angakwazi ukuqonda ingane enesifo sokukhuluma kakhulu sefonological.

I-pathologist yolimi lokukhuluma ingakwazi ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo. Bangacela ingane ukuthi isho amagama athile bese besebenzisa isivivinyo esifana ne-Arizona-4 (Arizona Articulation and Phonology Scale, 4th revision).

Izingane kufanele zihlolwe ukusiza ukukhipha ukuphazamiseka okungahlobene nokuphazamiseka kwemisindo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Izinkinga zokuqonda (njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo)
• Ukuzwa ukukhubazeka
• Izimo ze-Neurological (ezifana ne-cerebral palsy)
• Izinkinga zomzimba (njenge-cleft palate)

Umhlinzeki wezempilo kufanele abuze imibuzo, njengokuthi uma kukhulunywa izilimi ezingaphezu kolulodwa noma ulimi oluthile ekhaya.

Izinhlobo ezinzima zalesi sifo zingahamba zodwa ngeminyaka yobudala engu-6.

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungasiza izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu noma izinkinga zenkulumo ezingabi ngcono. Ukwelashwa kungasiza ingane ukuthi yakhe umsindo. Isibonelo, umelaphi angakhombisa ukuthi ulubeka kuphi ulimi noma enze kanjani izindebe lapho enza umsindo.

Umphumela uxhomeke eminyakeni lapho lesi sifo siqala khona nokuthi sinzima kangakanani. Izingane eziningi zizoqhubeka nokukhulisa inkulumo ejwayelekile.

Ezimweni ezinzima, ingane ingaba nezinkinga zokuqondwa ngisho nangamalungu omndeni. Ngamafomu amancane, ingane ingaba nenkinga yokuqondwa ngabantu abangaphandle komndeni. Izinkinga zomphakathi nezezifundo (ukufunda noma ukubhala ukukhubazeka) kungenzeka ngenxa yalokho.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho:

• Kusenzima ukuqonda iminyaka engu-4
• Ngisakwazi ukwenza imisindo ethile ngeminyaka engu-6
• Ukushiya ngaphandle, ukushintsha, noma ukufaka eminye imisindo eneminyaka engu-7
• Ukuba nezinkinga zokukhuluma ezidala amahloni

Intuthuko ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo; Ukuphazamiseka kwemisindo yokukhuluma; Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo - ifonotiki

UCarter RG, Feigelman S. Iminyaka yasenkulisa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 24.

UKelly DP, uNatale MJ. Umsebenzi we-Neurodevelopmental and executive kanye nokungasebenzi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 48.

I-Simms MD. Ukukhula kolimi nokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 52.

ITrauner DA, uNass RD. Izinkinga zokukhula kolimi. Ku: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, abahleli. I-Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 53.