I-Diphtheria

I-Diphtheria yisifo esibi esibangelwa ibhaktheriya I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Amagciwane abangela i-diphtheria asakazeka ngamaconsi okuphefumula (njengokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula) komuntu onegciwane noma umuntu ophethe amabhaktheriya kodwa angenazo izimpawu.

Amagciwane avame ukuthelela ikhala lakho nomphimbo wakho. Ukutheleleka komphimbo kubangela ukumbozwa okumpunga kokumnyama, okunzima, okufana nefayibha, okungavimba izindlela zakho zomoya. Kwezinye izimo, i-diphtheria ithelela isikhumba sakho kuqala futhi ibangele izilonda zesikhumba.

Uma usuthelelekile, amabhaktheriya enza izinto eziyingozi ezibizwa ngokuthi ubuthi. Ubuthi busakazeka egazini lakho buye kwezinye izitho, njengenhliziyo nobuchopho, bese budala umonakalo.

Ngenxa yokugoma okubanzi (ukugoma) kwezingane, i-diphtheria manje isiyivelakancane ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.

Izici zobungozi be-diphtheria zifaka phakathi izindawo eziminyene, inhlanzeko engeyinhle, kanye nokuntuleka kokugoma.

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuya kwezi-7 ngemuva kokuba amabhaktheriya angene emzimbeni wakho:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Umphimbo obuhlungu, ukushuba
• Ukugwinya okubuhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela okufana nokukhonkotha (ukukhonkotha)
• Ukwehlisa amathe (kusikisela ukuthi ukuvinjelwa komoya sekuzokwenzeka)
• Umbala we-Bluish wesikhumba
• Ukugeleza okunegazi, okunamanzi ngamakhala
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, umsindo ophefumulayo ophakeme (stridor)
• Izilonda zesikhumba (ezivame ukubonakala ezindaweni ezishisayo)

Kwesinye isikhathi azikho izimpawu.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abheke ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho. Lokhu kungaveza okumpunga kokumnyama okumnyama (pseudomembrane) emphinjeni, izindlala ze-lymph ezandisiwe, nokuvuvukala kwentamo noma izintambo zezwi.

Ukuhlolwa okusetshenzisiwe kungafaka:

• I-Gram stain noma isiko lomphimbo ukukhomba amagciwane e-diphtheria
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-toxin (ukuthola ubukhona be-toxin eyenziwe ngama-bacteria)
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Uma umhlinzeki ecabanga ukuthi une-diphtheria, ukwelashwa kungahle kuqalwe ngokushesha, nangaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibuye.

I-Diphtheria antitoxin inikezwa njengesibhamu emsipheni noma nge-IV (intambo efakwa emithanjeni). Ukutheleleka bese kuphathwa ngama-antibiotics, njenge-penicillin ne-erythromycin.

Ungadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ngenkathi uthola i-antitoxin. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingafaka:

• Uketshezi ngo-IV
• Oxygen
• Ukuphumula kombhede
• Ukuqapha kwenhliziyo
• Ukufaka ishubhu lokuphefumula
• Ukulungiswa kwama-airway blockages

Abantu abangenazo izimpawu ezithwala i-diphtheria kufanele baphathwe ngama-antibiotics.

I-diphtheria ingaba mnene noma ibe nzima. Abanye abantu abanazo izimpawu. Kwabanye, lesi sifo singaba sibi kancane kancane. Ukululama ekuguleni kuhamba kancane.

Abantu bangafa, ikakhulukazi uma lesi sifo sithinta inhliziyo.

Inkinga ejwayelekile kakhulu ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo (myocarditis). Isistimu yezinzwa nayo ithinteka kaningi futhi kanzima, okungadala ukukhubazeka okwesikhashana.

Ubuthi be-diphtheria bungalimaza nezinso.

Kungabuye kube nempendulo yokungezwani komzimba ne-antitoxin.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo uma uhlangane nomuntu one-diphtheria.

I-Diphtheria yisifo esingajwayelekile. Futhi kuyisifo esibikwayo, futhi noma yimaphi amacala avame ukwaziswa ephephandabeni noma kuthelevishini. Lokhu kukusiza ukwazi ukuthi ngabe i-diphtheria ikhona yini endaweni yangakini.

Ukugonywa okuvamile kwezingane kanye nezikhuthazi zabantu abadala kuvimbela lesi sifo.

Noma ngubani ohlangane nomuntu onegciwane kufanele athole umuthi wokugoma noma we-booster shot wokulwa ne-diphtheria, uma bengakayitholi. Ukuvikelwa komuthi wokugoma kuthatha iminyaka eyi-10 kuphela. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abadala bathole umuthi wokugqugquzela i-booster njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. I-booster ibizwa ngokuthi yi-tetanus-diphtheria (Td). (Isibhamu sinemithi yokugoma yesifo esibizwa nge-tetanus.)

Uma usondelene kakhulu nomuntu one-diphtheria, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo. Buza ukuthi uyawadinga yini ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukuthola i-diphtheria.

I-diphtheria yokuphefumula; I-phtherngeal diphtheria; I-cardiomyopathy ephikisayo; I-polyneuropathy yediphtheric

• Amasosha omzimba

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. I-Diphtheria. www.cdc.gov/diphtheria. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 17, 2018. Kufinyelelwe kuDisemba 30, 2019.

ISaleeb PG. I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 204.

IStechenberg BW. I-Diphtheria. Ku: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaFeigin neCherry's Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 90.