I-cataract yokuzalwa

I-cataract ezalwe nayo iwukugcwala kwelensi yeso elikhona lapho kuzalwa. Ilensi yeso ngokuvamile icacile. Igxila ekukhanyeni okufika esweni kwi-retina.

Ngokungafani ne-cataract eminingi, eyenzeka ngokuguga, i-cataract yokuzalwa ikhona lapho kuzalwa.

I-cataract yokuzalwa ayivamile. Kubantu abaningi, asikho isizathu esingatholwa.

I-cataract ye-Congenital ivame ukwenzeka njengengxenye yokukhubazeka okulandelayo kokuzalwa:

• I-Chondrodysplasia syndrome
• I-rubella yokuzalwa
• Isifo seConradi-Hünermann
• I-Down syndrome (i-trisomy 21)
• I-Ectodermal dysplasia syndrome
• I-cataract yemvelo yokuzalwa
• IGalactosemia
• Isifo se-Hallermann-Streiff
• I-Lowe syndrome
• Isifo seMarinesco-Sjögren
• Isifo sikaPierre-Robin
• I-Trisomy 13

I-cataract ye-Congenital ivame ukubukeka yehlukile kunezinye izinhlobo ze-cataract.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Usana kubonakala ngathi aluboni ngokubonakalayo umhlaba obazungezile (uma iso lamehlo likwamehlo womabili)
• Okumnyama noma okumhlophe kwamafu womfundi (okuvamise ukuba mnyama)
• Ukukhanya kwe "iso elibomvu" komfundi kulahlekile ezithombeni, noma kuhlukile phakathi kwamehlo amabili
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo okungavamile (nystagmus)

Ukuhlonza i-cataract yokuzalwa, umntwana kufanele ahlolwe ngokuphelele ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo. Usana futhi lungadinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wezingane onolwazi lokwelapha ukuphazamiseka okuzuzwe njengefa. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ama-x-ray nakho kungadingeka.

Uma i-cataract yokuzalwa imnene futhi ingathinti ukubona, kungenzeka kungadingeki ukuthi yelashwe, ikakhulukazi uma ikubabili.

Ukwelashwa okuphakathi kuya kokubi okuthinta umbono, noma i-cataract esesweni elilodwa kuphela, kuzodinga ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa okususa i-cataract. Kokuhlinzwa okuningi kwe-cataract (okungeyona eyokuzalwa), ilensi yokufakelwa ye-intraocular (IOL) ifakwe esweni. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-IOL ezinganeni kuyimpikiswano. Ngaphandle kwe-IOL, usana luzodinga ukugqoka ilensi yokuxhumana.

Ukupakisha ukuphoqa ingane ukuthi isebenzise iso elibuthakathaka kuyadingeka ukuvikela i-amblyopia.

Ingane nayo ingadinga ukwelashwa ngesifo esizuzwe njengefa esidala ukuthwala kwamehlo.

Ukususa i-cataract yokuzalwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela ephephile, esebenzayo. Ingane izodinga ukulandelelwa ukuvuselelwa kombono. Iningi lezinsana linezinga elithile le "iso elvilaphayo" (amblyopia) ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa futhi kuzodingeka lisebenzise ukugoqa.

Ngokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kunengozi encane kakhulu yoku:

• Ukopha
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukuvuvukala

Izinsana ezihlinzwa ukuhlinzekwa ngamehlo ezalwa nazo kungenzeka zihlakulele olunye uhlobo lwe-cataract, olungadinga ukuhlinzwa okuqhubekayo noma ukwelashwa kwe-laser.

Izifo eziningi ezihlobene ne-cataract yokuzalwa nazo zingathinta ezinye izitho.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti ephuthumayo nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho uma:

• Uyabona ukuthi inhlamvu yeso elilodwa noma womabili avela emhlophe noma enamafu.
• Ingane ibonakala ingayinaki ingxenye yezwe labo elibukwayo.

Uma unomlando womndeni wokuphazamiseka okuzuzwe njengefa okungadala uketshezi lokuzalwa, cabanga ngokufuna ukwelulekwa ngezakhi zofuzo.

Cataract - azalwe naso

• Iso
• I-Cataract - ukuvala iso
• Isifo seRubella
• I-cataract

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I-gerge FH. Ukuhlolwa kanye nezinkinga ezijwayelekile esweni lomntwana. Ku: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, ama-eds. UFanaroff kanye neMithi kaMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 95.

I-Wevill M. Epidemiology, i-pathophysiology, izimbangela, i-morphology, nemiphumela yokubuka kwe-cataract. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 5.3.