Umhlahlandlela wabahambi wokugwema izifo ezithathelwanayo

Ungahlala uphilile phakathi nohambo ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzivikela ngaphambi kokuhamba. Ungenza futhi izinto ukusiza ukuvikela izifo ngenkathi usohambweni. Ukutheleleka okuningi okuthola ngenkathi usohambweni kuncane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, noma kunjalo, zingaba nzima, noma zibulale.

Izifo ziyahlukahluka ezindaweni ezahlukene emhlabeni. Uzodinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokuzivikela, kuya ngokuthi uyaphi. Izinto ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:

• Izinambuzane nezinambuzane
• Isimo sezulu sendawo
• Ukuthuthwa kwendle

Imithombo yomphakathi ehamba phambili yolwazi lokuhamba olusesikhathini yile:

• Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/travel
• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) - www.who.int/ith/en

NGAPHAMBI KOKUHAMBA

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma vakashela umtholampilo wokuvakasha emasontweni amane kuya kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuba uhambe uhambo lwakho. Ungadinga imigomo eminingana. Ezinye zazo zidinga isikhathi sokusebenza.

Futhi ungadinga ukuvuselela imigomo yakho. Isibonelo, ungadinga imigomo ye- "booster" ye:

• I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, ne-pertussis (Tdap)
• Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane)
• Imasisi - mumps - rubella (MMR)
• Uvendle

Ungadinga futhi imigomo yezifo ezingatholakali kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Izibonelo zemithi yokugoma enconywayo ifaka phakathi:

• I-hepatitis A
• I-Hepatitis B
• I-Meningococcal
• Isishingishane

Amazwe athile adinge imigomo. Ungadinga ubufakazi bokuthi uwutholile lo mgomo ukuze ungene ezweni.

• Ukugonyelwa i-yellow fever kuyadingeka ukungena emazweni athile ase-Sub-Saharan, Central Africa, naseNingizimu Melika.
• Ukugonywa kweMeningococcal kuyadingeka ukungena eSaudi Arabia ohambweni lweHajj.
• Ukuthola uhlu oluphelele lwezidingo zezwe, hlola amawebhusayithi e-CDC noma we-WHO.

Abantu abangaba nezidingo ezahlukene zokugoma bafaka:

• Izingane
• Abantu abadala
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma i-HIV
• Abantu abalindele ukuxhumana nezilwane ezithile
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo

Buza kumhlinzeki wakho noma umtholampilo wendawo wokuvakasha.

UKUVIMBELA UMALARIA

Umalaleveva yisifo esibi esasabalala ngokulunywa omiyane abathile, ngokuvamile abaluma phakathi kokuhwalala nokusa. Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele. Umalaleveva ungadala ukushisa kakhulu, ukuqhaqhazela, izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane kanye ne-anemia. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zama-parasites kamalaleveva.

Uma uhambela endaweni lapho kuvame khona umalaleveva, kungadingeka uthathe imishanguzo evimbela lesi sifo. Le mithi ithathwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, phakathi nohambo lwakho, nangesikhathi esifushane ngemuva kokubuya kwakho. Imithi isebenza kahle kanjani iyehluka. Ezinye izinhlobo zikamalaleveva ziyamelana nemithi ethile yokuvikela. Kufanele futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulunywa yizinambuzane.

IZIKA VIRUS

I-Zika igciwane elidluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa omiyane abathelelekile. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, ukuqubuka, namehlo abomvu (i-conjunctivitis). Omiyane abasabalalisa iZika bangohlobo olufanayo olusabalalisa umkhuhlane wedenga kanye negciwane le-chikungunya. Lezi zimiyane zivame ukondla emini. Awukho umuthi wokugoma wokuvikela iZika.

Kukholakala ukuthi kunokuxhumana phakathi komama abane-Zika ukutheleleka nezinsana ezizalwa zine-microcephaly nezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa. I-Zika ingasakazeka isuka kumama iye enganeni yakhe esibelethweni (esibelethweni) noma ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Indoda eneZika ingasabalalisa lesi sifo kubalingani bayo bezocansi. Kuke kwaba nemibiko yokusabalala kweZika ngokumpontshelwa igazi.

Ngaphambi kuka-2015, leli gciwane lalitholakala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseziqhingini zasePacific. Manje sesisabalele emazweni amaningi nasemazweni afaka:

• EBrazil
• Iziqhingi zaseCaribbean
• IMelika Ephakathi
• EMexico
• i-America esenyakatho
• i-South America
• E-Puerto Rico

Lesi sifo sitholakale ezindaweni ezithile e-United States. Ngemininingwane esesikhathini, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi yeCenters for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/zika.

Ukuvimbela ukuthola igciwane le-Zika, thatha izinyathelo zokugwema ukulunywa omiyane. Ukudluliswa kocansi kwegciwane kungavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa amakhondomu noma ukungayi ocansini nomuntu okungenzeka ukuthi uthelelekile.

UKUVIMELA UKULUMANA NEZILWANYANA

Ukuvimbela ukulunywa omiyane nezinye izinambuzane:

• Gqoka izinto ezixosha izinambuzane uma ungaphandle, kodwa zisebenzise ngokuphepha.Izidakamizwa ezivamile zifaka i-DEET ne-picaridin. Ezinye izinto zokuxosha i-biopesticide ngamafutha e-lemon eucalyptus (OLE), PMD, ne-IR3535.
• Kungase kudingeke nokuthi usebenzise inetha lomiyane wombhede ngenkathi ulele.
• Gqoka amabhulukwe namahembe anemikhono emide, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa.
• Lala kuphela ezindaweni ezihloliwe.
• Ungafaki amakha.

UKUDLA NOKUPHEPHA KWAMANZI

Ungathola ezinye izinhlobo zezifo ngokudla noma ngokuphuza ukudla noma amanzi angcolile. Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka kusuka ekudleni ukudla okungaphekiwe noma okuluhlaza.

Hlala kude nokudla okulandelayo:

• Ukudla okuphekiwe okuvunyelwe ukupholisa (njengabathengisi basemgwaqweni)
• Izithelo ezingakagezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese ziyahluzwa
• Imifino eluhlaza
• Amasaladi
• Ukudla okungadliwa ngobisi, njengobisi noma ushizi

Ukuphuza amanzi angalashiwe noma angcolile kungaholela ekutheleleni. Phuza kuphela iziphuzo ezilandelayo:

• Iziphuzo ezisemathinini noma ezingavulwa (amanzi, ijusi, amanzi amaminerali e-carbonated, iziphuzo ezibandayo)
• Iziphuzo ezenziwe ngamanzi abilisiwe, njengetiye nekhofi

Ungasebenzisi iqhwa eziphuzweni zakho ngaphandle kokuthi lenziwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ungawahlanza amanzi ngokuwabilisa noma ngokuwaphatha ngamakhemikhali athile noma izihlungi zamanzi.

EZINYE IZINYATHELO ZOKUVIMBELA IZIFO EZITHULAYO

Hlanza izandla zakho njalo. Sebenzisa insipho namanzi noma umuthi ohlanza utshwala ukusiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka.

Ungami noma ubhukude emifuleni enamanzi amasha, imifudlana, noma emachibini anendle noma indle yezilwane kuyo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni. Ukubhukuda emachibini ane-chlorine kuphephile esikhathini esiningi.

NINI Xhumana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha

Uhudo kwesinye isikhathi lungelashwa ngokuphumula nangoketshezi. Umhlinzeki wakho angakunika i-antibiotic ongayithatha ohambweni lwakho uma kwenzeka ugula ngohudo olunzima ngenkathi usohambweni.

Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma:

• Uhudo alupheli
• Uba nomkhuhlane omkhulu noma uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho lapho ubuyela ekhaya uma ugula umkhuhlane ngenkathi usohambweni.

Impilo yabahambi; Izifo ezithathelwanayo nabahambi

• Izifo ezithathelwanayo nabahambi
• Umalaleveva

UBeran J, uGoad J. Imishanguzo ejwayelekile yokuhamba: i-hepatitis A no-B, i-typhoid. Ku: Keystone JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, eds. Imithi Yezokuvakasha. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 11.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Igciwane leZika. Kubahlinzeki bezempilo: ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kanye nezifo. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/preparing-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 28, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 3, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Igciwane le-Zika: izindlela zokudlulisa. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoJulayi 24, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 3, 2020.

UChristenson JC, uJohn CC. Izeluleko zezempilo ezinganeni ezihambela amazwe omhlaba. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 200.

UFreedman DO, Chen LH. Sondela esigulini ngaphambi nangemva kohambo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 270.

Iwebhusayithi yeWorld Health Organisation. Uhlu lwezwe: izidingo nezincomo zokugoma i-yellow fever; isimo se-malaria; nezinye izidingo zokugoma. www.who.int/ith/ith_country_list.pdf. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 3, 2020.