Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokuphuza okuphephile

Ukuphuza utshwala kubandakanya ukuphuza ubhiya, iwayini, noma utshwala obunzima.

Utshwala bungezinye zezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.

UKUPHUZA KWABASHA

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala akuyona inkinga yabantu abadala kuphela. Iningi labantu asebekhulile baseMelika baphuze utshwala phakathi nenyanga edlule. Lokhu kwenzeka yize iminyaka yobudala yokuphuza esemthethweni ineminyaka engama-21 ubudala e-United States.

Cishe ingane eyodwa kwengu-5 ibhekwa "njengabaphuza inkinga." Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

• Dakwa
• Yiba nezingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ngena enkingeni ngomthetho, amalungu omndeni, abangane, isikole, noma izinsuku ngenxa yotshwala

IMIPHUMELA Yotshwala

Iziphuzo ezidakayo zinezilinganiso ezingafani zotshwala kuzo.

• Ubhiya bungaba ngu-5% wotshwala, yize ezinye ubhiya zinezinye.
• Iwayini ngokuvamile liba wu-12% kuye ku-15% utshwala.
• Utshwala obunzima bungamaphesenti angama-45 otshwala.

Utshwala bungena egazini lakho ngokushesha.

Inani nohlobo lokudla esiswini sakho kungashintsha ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Isibonelo, ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi nokudla okunamafutha amaningi kungenza umzimba wakho umunce utshwala kancane.

Izinhlobo ezithile zeziphuzo ezidakayo zingena ngokushesha egazini lakho. Iziphuzo ezinamandla zivame ukumuncwa ngokushesha.

Utshwala buthihlisa izinga lakho lokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokuthi ubuchopho bakho busebenza kahle kangakanani. Le miphumela ingavela kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10 bese iphakama cishe imizuzu engama-40 kuye kwengu-60. Utshwala buhlala egazini lakho lize liphulwe yisibindi. Inani lotshwala egazini lakho libizwa ngeleveli yakho yotshwala egazini. Uma uphuza uphuzo oludakayo ngokushesha kunendlela isibindi esingaliphuca ngayo, leli zinga liyakhuphuka.

Izinga lakho lotshwala egazini lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ngokusemthethweni ukuthi udakiwe noma cha. Umkhawulo osemthethweni wotshwala wegazi uvame ukuwela phakathi kuka-0.08 no-0.10 ezifundazweni eziningi. Ngezansi uhlu lwamazinga otshwala egazini kanye nezimpawu ezingaba khona:

• 0.05 - ukunciphisa ukuvimbela
• 0.10 - inkulumo ekhululekile
• 0.20 - ukuthokoza nokulimazeka kwezimoto
• 0.30 - ukudideka
• 0.40 - ubuthongo
• 0.50 - ikhoma
• 0.60 - ukuphefumula kuyama nokufa

Ungaba nezimpawu zokudakwa emazingeni otshwala egazini ngaphansi kwencazelo esemthethweni yokudakwa. Futhi, abantu abaphuza utshwala njalo kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu kuze kufinyelelwe ezingeni eliphakeme lotshwala egazini.

IZINGOZI ZEMPILO YOTSHWALA

Utshwala bukhulisa ubungozi boku:

• Ukuphuza ngokweqile
• Ukuwa, ukuminza nezinye izingozi
• Inhloko, intamo, isisu, ikholoni, isifuba neminye imidlavuza
• Isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi
• Izingozi zezimoto
• Ukuziphatha kocansi okuyingozi, ukukhulelwa okungahleliwe noma okungafuneki, kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI)
• Ukuzibulala nokubulala

Ukuphuza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungalimaza ingane ekhulayo. Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa noma i-fetal alcohol syndrome kungenzeka.

UKUPHUZA OKUBOPHELELE

Uma uphuza utshwala, kuhle ukuthi ubuphuze ngokulinganisela. Ukulinganisela kusho ukuthi ukuphuza akukwenzi ukuthi udakwe (noma uphuze) futhi awuphuzi ngaphezu kwesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku uma ungowesifazane futhi ungadluli ku-2 uma uyindoda. Isiphuzo sichazwa njengama-ounces ayi-12 (350 milliliters) kabhiya, ama-ounces amahlanu (150 milliliters) ewayini, noma ama-ounces angu-1.5 (45 milliliters) otshwala.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokuphuza ngokuzibophezela, inqobo nje uma ungenayo inkinga yokuphuza, uneminyaka esemthethweni yokuphuza utshwala, futhi awukhulelwe:

• Ungalokothi uphuze utshwala bese ushayela imoto.
• Uma uzophuza, yiba nomshayeli okhethiwe, noma uhlele enye indlela eya ekhaya, njengetekisi noma ibhasi.
• UNGAPUZI uphuze esiswini esingenalutho. Ungadla ngaphambi nangesikhathi uphuza utshwala.

Uma uthatha imishanguzo, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, hlola umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuphuza utshwala. Utshwala bungenza imiphumela yemithi eminingi ibe namandla. Futhi ingaxhumana neminye imithi, iyenze ingasebenzi noma ibe yingozi noma ikugulise.

Uma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kugijima emndenini wakho, ungahle ube sengcupheni yokuthola lesi sifo ngokwakho. Ngakho-ke, ungahle uthande ukugwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele.

Fonela uMhlinzeki Wakho Wokunakekelwa Kwezempilo UMA:

• Ukhathazekile ngokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala noma kwelungu lomndeni
• Unentshisekelo kulwazi oluthe xaxa maqondana nokusetshenziswa kotshwala noma amaqembu okusekela
• Awukwazi ukunciphisa noma ukumisa ukuphuza kwakho, naphezu kwemizamo yokuyeka ukuphuza

Ezinye izinsiza zifaka:

• Ama-Local Alcoholics Anonymous noma amaqembu e-Al-anon / Alateen
• Izibhedlela zendawo
• Izinhlangano zomphakathi noma ezizimele zezempilo yengqondo
• Abeluleki besikole noma bomsebenzi
• Izikhungo zezempilo zabafundi noma zabasebenzi

Ukusetshenziswa kabhiya; Ukusetshenziswa kwewayini; Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kanzima; Ukuphuza okuphephile; Ukuphuza kwentsha

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Psychiatric Association. Ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nezidakamizwa nokulutha. Ku: I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika. 2013: 481-590.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvimbela Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona Nokukhuthaza Impilo. Izimpawu ezibalulekile ze-CDC: ukuhlolwa kotshwala nokwelulekwa. www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-screening-counselling/. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 31, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 18, 2020.

I-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism iwebhusayithi. Imiphumela yotshwala empilweni. www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 25, 2020.

I-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism iwebhusayithi. Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala. www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-use-disorder. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 25, 2020.

USherin K, Seikel S, Hale S. Izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 48.

I-US Preventive Services Task Force, uCurry SJ, uKrist AH, et al. Ukungenelela kokuhlolwa nokwelulekwa ngokokuziphatha ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okungenampilo kubantu abasha nasebantwini: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018; 320 (18): 1899-1909. I-PMID: 30422199 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422199/.