Ukutholwa kwesikhumba ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa

Isikhumba somntwana osanda kuzalwa sihamba ngezinguquko eziningi kokubukeka nokuthungwa.

Isikhumba sengane esanda kuzalwa enempilo lapho izalwa sine:

• Isikhumba esijulile esibomvu noma onsomi nezandla nezinyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhumba siba mnyama ngaphambi kokuba usana luphefumule okokuqala (lapho benza lokho kukhala okunamandla okokuqala).
• Into ejiyile, emnandi ebizwa nge-vernix emboza isikhumba. Le nto ivikela isikhumba se-fetus kusuka ku-amniotic fluid esibelethweni. I-Vernix kufanele igeze ngesikhathi sokugeza kokuqala kwengane.
• Izinwele ezinhle, ezithambile (i-lanugo) ezingamboza isikhumba, isiphongo, izihlathi, amahlombe, nangemuva. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu lapho usana luzalwa ngaphambi kosuku olubekiwe. Izinwele kufanele zinyamalale phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala empilo yengane.

Isikhumba esisanda kuzalwa sizohluka, kuye ngobude bokukhulelwa. Izinsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zinesikhumba esincane, esibonakalayo. Isikhumba sengane egcwele isikhathi eside siba sikhulu.

Ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu lwengane, isikhumba sikhanya ngandlela thile futhi singahle somile futhi siqhume. Isikhumba sisalokhu siba bomvu lapho usana likhala. Izindebe, izandla nezinyawo zingashintsha zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma zibe namachashaza (amachashaza) lapho ingane ibanda.

Olunye ushintsho lungafaka:

• I-Milia, (amancane, amhlophe okweparele, amhlophe aqinise amaqhubu ebusweni) anyamalala eyedwa.
• Induna emaphakathi evame ukusula emasontweni ambalwa. Lokhu kudalwa ngamanye amahomoni omama ahlala egazini lengane.
• I-Erythema toxicum. Lokhu ukuqubuka okuvamile, okungenabungozi okubukeka njengama-pustules amancane kusisekelo esibomvu. Kuvame ukuvela ebusweni, esiqwini, emilenzeni nasezingalweni cishe izinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 ngemuva kokubeletha. Iphela ngeviki elilodwa.

Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezinemibala noma ukumakwa kwesikhumba kungafaka:

• I-nevi yokuzalwa iyizinsumpa (ukumakwa kwesikhumba okunombala omnyama) okungenzeka kube khona lapho kuzalwa. Ziyahluka ngosayizi ukusuka kokuncane njengepea kuye enkulu ngokwanele ukumboza ingalo noma umlenze wonke, noma ingxenye enkulu yangemuva noma yisiqu. I-nevi enkulu iba nengozi enkulu yokuba ngumdlavuza wesikhumba. Umhlinzeki wezempilo kufanele alandele yonke i-nevi.
• Izindawo zaseMongolia zinamabala aluhlaza-mpunga noma ansundu. Zingavela esikhunjeni sezinqe noma emuva, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinesikhumba esimnyama. Kufanele zishabalale kungakapheli unyaka.
• Izindawo ze-Café-au-lait zilula, umbala wekhofi nobisi. Zivame ukuvela lapho kuzalwa, noma zingakhula eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala. Izingane ezinamabala amaningi, noma izindawo ezinkulu, zingaba namathuba amaningi okuba nesimo esibizwa nge-neurofibromatosis.

Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezibomvu zingafaka:

• Amachaphaza we-Port-wine - ukukhula okuqukethe imithambo yegazi (ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi). Zibomvu ukwenza umbala ube mhloshana. Zivame ukubonwa ebusweni, kepha zingavela kunoma iyiphi indawo yomzimba.
• I-Hemangiomas - iqoqo lama-capillaries (imithambo yegazi emincane) engabonakala lapho izalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva.
• Ingulube iluma - amabala amancane abomvu ebunzini lengane, amajwabu amehlo, emuva kwentamo, noma udebe olungaphezulu. Zibangelwa ukwelula imithambo yegazi. Imvamisa ziyahamba zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-18.

Izici zesikhumba ezisanda kuzalwa; Izici zesikhumba sezinsana; Ukunakekelwa kwe-Neonatal - isikhumba

• I-Erythema toxicum onyaweni
• Izici zesikhumba
• I-Milia - impumulo
• I-Cutis marmorata emlenzeni
• IMiliaria crystallina - ukusondela
• I-Miliaria crystallina - isifuba nengalo
• I-Miliaria crystallina - isifuba nengalo

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UNarendran V. Isikhumba se-neonate. Ku: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, ama-eds. UFanaroff kanye neMithi kaMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 94.

I-Walker VP. Ukuhlolwa okusanda kuzalwa. Ku: Gleason CA, Juul SE, ama-eds. Izifo zika-Avery Zomntwana osanda kuzalwa. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 25.