Izinguquko enganeni esanda kuzalwa lapho izalwa

Izinguquko ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa lapho zizalwa zisho izinguquko ezitholwa ngumzimba wosana ukuze zivumelane nempilo engaphandle kwesibeletho.

AMAPHALA, INHLIZIYO, NEZITSHIZI ZEGAZI

I-placenta kamama isiza ingane "ukuphefumula" ngenkathi ikhula esibelethweni. Umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide kugeleza ngegazi eliku-placenta. Iningi lalo liya enhliziyweni futhi ligobhoze emzimbeni womntwana.

Lapho izalwa, amaphaphu engane agcwala uketshezi. Azikho umoya. Ingane idonsa umoya kuqala phakathi nemizuzwana eyi-10 ngemuva kokubeletha. Lokhu kuphefumula kuzwakala njengokuhefuzela, njengoba isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko somntwana osanda kuzalwa sisabela ekuguqukeni okungazelelwe kokushisa nemvelo.

Lapho nje ingane seyiphefumule okokuqala, izinguquko eziningi zenzeka emaphashini wosana nakuhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi:

• Ukwanda komoya-mpilo emaphashini kubanga ukwehla kokumelana nokugeleza kwegazi emaphashini.
• Ukumelana nokugeleza kwegazi kwemithambo yegazi yengane nakho kuyanda.
• Amanzi adonsa amanzi noma afakwa ohlelweni lokuphefumula.
• Amaphaphu afuthana futhi aqale ukusebenza ngokwawo, ahambise umoya-mpilo egazini futhi asuse isikhutha ngokuphefumula (umoya).

UKUSHISELA KOMZIMBA

Ingane ekhulayo ikhiqiza ukushisa okuphindwe kabili kunomuntu omdala. Inani elincane lokushisa likhishwa ngesikhumba sengane esikhulayo, i-amniotic fluid, nodonga lwesibeletho.

Ngemuva kokubeletha, usana olusanda kuzalwa luqala ukulahlekelwa ukushisa. Izamukeli esikhunjeni somntwana zithumela imiyalezo ebuchosheni ukuthi umzimba wengane uyabanda. Umzimba wengane udala ukushisa ngokushisa izitolo zamafutha ansundu, uhlobo lwamafutha atholakala kuphela emibungu nasezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa azibonwa ziqhaqhazela.

ISIVIVINYO

Enganeni, isibindi sisebenza njengendawo yokugcina ushukela (glycogen) nensimbi. Lapho ingane izalwa, isibindi sinemisebenzi ehlukahlukene:

• Ikhiqiza izinto ezisiza igazi ukuba lijiye.
• Iqala ukudiliza imikhiqizo emfucumfucu efana namaseli abomvu ngokweqile.
• Ikhiqiza iphrotheni esiza ukudiliza i-bilirubin. Uma umzimba womntwana ungaphuli kahle i-bilirubin, ungaholela ku-jaundice esanda kuzalwa.

UKUHAMBA KWE-GASTROINTESTINAL

Uhlelo lwesisu lengane alusebenzi ngokugcwele kuze kube ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sekwedlule isikhathi, ingane ikhiqiza imfucumfucu eluhlaza noma emnyama yemfucumfucu emnyama okuthiwa i-meconium. IMeconium yigama lezokwelapha lezitulo zokuqala zosana olusanda kuzalwa. I-Meconium yakhiwa i-amniotic fluid, i-mucus, i-lanugo (uboya obuhle obumboza umzimba wengane), i-bile, namaseli akhishwe esikhunjeni nasemgodini wamathumbu. Kwezinye izimo, ingane idlula indle (meconium) ngenkathi isengaphakathi kwesibeletho.

UHLELO LOKUCHAMA

Izinso zengane ekhulayo ziqala ukukhiqiza umchamo emasontweni ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwayishumi nambili ekukhulelweni. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, umntwana osanda kuzalwa uvame ukuchama emahoreni angama-24 okuqala empilo. Izinso zikwazi ukugcina ibhalansi yomzimba kanye ne-electrolyte balance.

Izinga igazi elihlunga ngalo ngezinso (izinga lokuhlunga i-glomerular) lenyuka kakhulu ngemuva kokuzalwa nasemavikini amabili okuqala okuphila. Noma kunjalo, kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi izinso zikhuphuke zisheshise. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinekhono elincane lokususa usawoti omningi (i-sodium) noma ukugxilisa noma ukunciphisa umchamo uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Leli khono liyathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

AMASOSHA OMZIMBA

Amasosha omzimba aqala ukukhula enganeni, futhi aqhubeke nokukhula ngeminyaka embalwa yokuqala yokuphila kwengane. Isibeletho siyindawo engenabungozi uma kuqhathaniswa. Kepha ngokushesha nje lapho umntwana ezalwa, bavezwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene kanye nezinye izinto ezingadala izifo. Yize izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zisengozini yokutheleleka, amasosha azo omzimba angaphendula ezintweni ezithathelwanayo.

Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zithwala amasosha omzimba avela kunina, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ekuthelelekeni. Ukuncelisa ibele nakho kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amasosha omntwana osanda kuzalwa.

ISIKHUMBA

Isikhumba esisanda kuzalwa sizohluka ngokuya ngobude besikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izinsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zinesikhumba esincane, esibonakalayo. Isikhumba sengane egcwele isikhathi eside siba sikhulu.

Izici zesikhumba esisanda kuzalwa:

• Uboya obuhle obubizwa ngokuthi i-lanugo bungamboza isikhumba sosana olusanda kuzalwa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izinwele kufanele zinyamalale phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala empilo yengane.
• Into ejiyile, emanzi ebizwa nge-vernix ingamboza isikhumba. Le nto ivikela ingane ngenkathi intanta ku-amniotic fluid esibelethweni. I-Vernix kufanele igeze ngesikhathi sokugeza kokuqala kwengane.
• Isikhumba kungenzeka ukuthi siqhekeka, siyaxebuka, noma siqhume, kepha lokhu kufanele kuthuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuzalwa - izinguquko ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa

• I-Meconium

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