Ukuhola - ukucatshangelwa kokudla okunempilo

Ukucatshangelwa kokudla okunomsoco ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutholwa ubuthi bomthofu.

Ukuhola kuyinto yemvelo enezinkulungwane zokusetshenziswa. Ngoba yande (futhi ivame ukufihlwa), umthofu ungangcolisa kalula ukudla namanzi ngaphandle kokubonakala noma ukunambitha. E-United States, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izingane eziyingxenye yesigidi ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-5 zinamazinga omthofu angenampilo egazini lazo.

Umthofu ungatholakala kuzimpahla ezisemathinini uma kukhona i-solder yomthofu emathinini. Umthofu ungatholwa nakwezinye iziqukathi (insimbi, ingilazi, nobumba lwe-ceramic noma olubunjiwe) nasezitsheni zokupheka.

Upende wakudala ubeka ingozi enkulu yobuthi bomthofu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisencane. Amanzi ompompi avela emapayipini okuhola noma amapayipi ane-solder yomthofu nawo awumthombo wokuhola okucashile.

Izingane zabokufika nababaleki zisengozini enkulu yokuthola ubuthi bomthofu kunezingane ezizalwe e-United States ngenxa yokudla nezinye izingozi zokuchayeka ngaphambi kokufika e-US.

Imithamo ephezulu yomthofu ingalimaza isimiso samathumbu, isimiso sezinzwa, izinso, nohlelo lwegazi futhi kungaholela ekufeni. Ukuqhubeka nokuvezwa kwezinga eliphansi okuqhubekayo kubangela ukuqoqana emzimbeni kudale umonakalo. Kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ngaphambi nangemva kokuzalwa, nasezinganeni ezincane, ngoba imizimba yabo nobuchopho bukhula ngokushesha.

Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zifunda futhi ziqaphe ukuvezwa kokuhola. Abaqaphi be-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bahola ekudleni, iziphuzo, iziqukathi zokudla, kanye ne-tableware. Abe-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) baqapha amazinga okuhola emanzini okuphuza.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokufakwa ubuthi bomthofu:

• Qalisa amanzi ompompi umzuzu ngaphambi kokuphuza noma ukupheka ngawo.
• Uma amanzi akho ehlolisise ukuhola okuphezulu, cabanga ukufaka okokuhlunga noma ukushintshela emanzini asemabhodleleni okuphuza nokupheka.
• Gwema izimpahla ezisemathinini ezivela emazweni angaphandle kuze kuqale ukusebenza kokuvinjelwa kwamathini athengisiwe.
• Uma iziqukathi zewayini ezingenisiwe zine-lead foil esonga, sula irimu nentamo yebhodlela ngethawula elifakwe ujusi kalamula, uviniga, noma iwayini ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa.
• UNGALIGCIZI iwayini, imimoya, noma uviniga osuselwe kwisaladi kumalitha we-crystal decanters isikhathi eside, ngoba umthofu ungangena uketshezi.

Ezinye izincomo ezibalulekile:

• Penda upende wakudala onomthofu uma usesimweni esihle, noma susa upende wakudala upende upende ongena-lead. Uma upende udinga ukusatshwa noma ukususwa ngoba uyacwaswa noma uyaxobuka, thola izeluleko ngokususwa okuphephile eNational Lead Information Center (800-LEAD-FYI).
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lingenathuli ngangokunokwenzeka futhi wonke umuntu ageze izandla ngaphambi kokudla.
• Lahla amathoyizi amadala apendiwe uma ungazi noma anawo yini upende ongenamthofu.

Ubuthi bomthofu - ukubhekwa kokudla okunempilo; Insimbi enobuthi - ukucatshangelwa kokudla okunempilo

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Hola. www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/default.htm. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 18, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 9, 2019.

UMarkowitz M. Ubuthi obuholayo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 739.

UTheobald JL, Mycyk MB. Insimbi nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 151.