Ukudla - isifo sezinso esingalapheki

Ungadinga ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwakho uma unesifo esingapheliyo sezinso (CKD). Lezi zinguquko zingabandakanya ukukhawulela uketshezi, ukudla ukudla okunamaprotheni amancane, ukukhawulela usawoti, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, namanye ama-electrolyte, nokuthola amakhalori anele uma wehlisa isisindo.

Ungadinga ukushintsha indlela odla ngayo kakhulu uma isifo sakho sezinso siba sibi kakhulu, noma uma udinga i-dialysis.

Inhloso yalokhu kudla ukugcina amazinga e-electrolyte, amaminerali, kanye noketshezi emzimbeni wakho olinganiselayo uma une-CKD noma uku-dialysis.

Abantu abaku-dialysis badinga lokhu kudla okukhethekile ukukhawulela ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo kadoti emzimbeni. Ukunciphisa uketshezi phakathi kokwelapha i-dialysis kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba abantu abaningi abaku-dialysis bachama kancane kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuchama, uketshezi luzokwakha emzimbeni lubangele uketshezi oluningi enhliziyweni nasemaphashini.

Cela umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi akudlulisele kuchwepheshe wezokudla obhalisiwe ukuze akusize ekudleni kwakho kwesifo sezinso. Abanye odokotela bokudla bagxile ekudleni kwezinso. Isazi sakho sokudla singakusiza futhi ukuthi wakhe ukudla ukuze uvumelane nezinye izidingo zakho zezempilo.

I-Kidney Foundation inezahluko ezifundazweni eziningi. Yindawo enhle yabantu abanezifo zezinso nemindeni yabo ukuthola izinhlelo nolwazi. Udinga ukuthatha amakhalori anele usuku ngalunye ukuze uhlale uphilile futhi uvimbele ukonakala kwezicubu zomzimba. Buza umhlinzeki wakho kanye nodokotela wezokudla ukuthi isisindo sakho esifanele kufanele sibe yini. Zilinganise njalo ekuseni ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uhlangabezana nalo mgomo.

IZIMPAWU ZEKHABHODI

Uma ungenayo inkinga yokudla ama-carbohydrate, lokhu kudla kungumthombo omuhle wamandla. Uma umhlinzeki wakho encoma ukudla okunamaprotheni aphansi, ungashintsha amakhalori avela kumaprotheni nge:

• Izithelo, izinkwa, okusanhlamvu nemifino. Lokhu kudla kunika amandla, kanye ne-fiber, amaminerali, namavithamini.
• Amaswidi aqinile, ushukela, uju, nejeli. Uma kudingeka, ungadla ngisho nophudingi abanama-khalori aphezulu njengophaya, amakhekhe, noma amakhukhi, inqobo nje uma unciphisa ama-dessert enziwe ngobisi, ushokoledi, amantongomane noma ubhanana.

Amafutha

Amafutha angaba umthombo omuhle wama-calories. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa amafutha we-monounsaturated ne-polyunsaturated (uwoyela womnqumo, u-oyela we-canola, u-oyela othambile) ukuvikela impilo yenhliziyo yakho. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho noma isazi sokudla mayelana namafutha ne-cholesterol engakhuphula ubungozi bezinkinga zenhliziyo.

AMAPHrotheni

Ukudla okunamaprotheni amancane kungasiza ngaphambi kokuqala i-dialysis. Umhlinzeki wakho noma isazi sokudla angakucebisa ngokudla okuphansi kwamaprotheni ngokuya ngesisindo sakho, isigaba sesifo, ukuthi unesisipha esingakanani, nezinye izinto. Kepha usadinga amaprotheni anele, ngakho-ke sebenzisana nomhlinzeki wakho ukuthola ukudla okulungele wena.

Uma uqala i-dialysis, kuzodingeka udle amaprotheni amaningi. Ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi nezinhlanzi, izinkukhu, ingulube, noma amaqanda ngaso sonke isikhathi sokudla kunganconywa.

Abantu abaku-dialysis kufanele badle ama-ounces angu-8 kuya kwayi-10 (225 kuya ku-280 amagremu) wokudla okuneprotheni ephezulu usuku ngalunye. Umhlinzeki wakho noma isazi sokudla angaphakamisa ukungeza abamhlophe bamaqanda, impuphu emhlophe yeqanda, noma i-protein powder.

CALCIUM KANYE PHOSPHOROUS

Amaminerali calcium ne-phosphorus azohlolwa kaningi. Ngisho nasezigabeni zokuqala ze-CKD, amazinga e-phosphorus egazini angaphakama kakhulu. Lokhu kungadala:

• I-calcium ephansi. Lokhu kudala ukuthi umzimba udonse i-calcium emathanjeni akho, okungenza amathambo akho abe ntekenteke futhi abe namathuba amaningi okuthi aphuke.
• Ukulunywa.

Uzodinga ukukhawulela inani lokudla okwenziwe ngobisi okudlayo, ngoba kuqukethe inani elikhulu le-phosphorus. Lokhu kufaka ubisi, iyogathi, noshizi. Ezinye izidlo zobisi ziphansi nge-phosphorus, kufaka phakathi:

• Ubhavu imajarini
• Ibhotela
• Ukhilimu, i-ricotta, i-brie ushizi
• Ukhilimu osindayo
• I-Sherbet
• UNondairy washaywa ngemvubu

Ungahle udinge ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-calcium ukuvimbela isifo samathambo, kanye novithamini D ukulawula ibhalansi ye-calcium ne-phosphorus emzimbeni wakho. Buza umhlinzeki wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokudla ukuthi ungazithola kanjani kahle lezi zakhi zomsoco.

Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma imithi ebizwa ngokuthi "izibopho ezinama-phosphorus" uma ushintsho ekudleni kukodwa lungasebenzi ukulawula ibhalansi yale minerali emzimbeni wakho.

AMA-FLUIDS

Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhluleka kwezinso, awudingi ukukhawulela uketshezi oliphuzayo. Kepha, njengoba isimo sakho siba sibi kakhulu, noma uma uku-dialysis, kuzodingeka ubuke inani liketshezi olisebenzisayo.

Phakathi kwezikhathi ze-dialysis, uketshezi lungakha emzimbeni. Uketshezi oluningi kakhulu luzoholela ekuphefumuleni, isimo esiphuthumayo esidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Umhlinzeki wakho kanye nomhlengikazi we-dialysis bazokwazisa ukuthi kufanele uphuze kangakanani nsuku zonke. Gcina inani lokudla eliqukethe amanzi amaningi, njengesobho, i-gelatin enezithelo, izithelo ezi-ice cream ezinothelo, u-ayisikhilimu, amagilebhisi, amakhabe, ulethisi, utamatisi nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.

Sebenzisa izinkomishi ezincane noma izingilazi bese uphendulela inkomishi yakho ngemuva kokuyiqeda.

Amathiphu okugcina ukoma afaka:

• Gwema ukudla okunosawoti
• Friza ijusi ethreyini le-ice cube bese ulidla njenge-ice pop enezithelo (kufanele uwabale la macube ice kuhlobo lwakho lwamanzi nsuku zonke)
• Hlala upholile ngezinsuku ezishisayo

Usawoti NOMA ISODIUM

Ukunciphisa i-sodium ekudleni kwakho kukusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Iphinde ikugcine ukuthi ungomi, futhi ivimbela umzimba wakho ekubambeni kuketshezi olungeziwe. Bheka la magama kumalebula okudla:

• I-sodium ephansi
• Akukho usawoti owengeziwe
• Ayinasodium
• Ukuncishiswa kwesodium
• Akukhanyisiwe

Hlola wonke amalebula ukuze ubone ukuthi kungakanani usawoti noma ukudla kwe-sodium okuqukethe ngokusebenza ngakunye. Futhi, gwema ukudla okufaka ohlwini usawoti ngasekuqaleni kwezithako. Funa imikhiqizo enosawoti ongaphansi kwama-milligram ayi-100 (mg) ngosawoti ngamunye.

UNGAYisebenzisi usawoti lapho upheka bese ususa isihlungu sosawoti etafuleni. Amanye amakhambi amaningi aphephile, futhi ungawasebenzisela ukunambitha ukudla kwakho esikhundleni sikasawoti.

UNGAYisebenzisi into evala usawoti ngoba iqukethe i-potassium. Abantu abane-CKD futhi badinga ukunciphisa i-potassium yabo.

IPOTASSIUM

Amazinga ejwayelekile egazi e-potassium asiza ukugcina inhliziyo yakho ishaya kancane. Kodwa-ke, i-potassium eningi kakhulu ingakha lapho izinso zingasasebenzi kahle. Kungaba nemigqi yenhliziyo eyingozi, engaholela ekufeni.

Izithelo nemifino kuqukethe inani elikhulu le-potassium, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kufanele kugwenywe ukugcina inhliziyo iphilile.

Ukukhetha into efanele eqenjini ngalinye lokudla kungasiza ukulawula amazinga akho e-potassium.

Lapho udla izithelo:

• Khetha amapentshisi, amagilebhisi, amapheya, ama-apula, amajikijolo, uphayinaphu, ama-plums, ama-tangerines, nekhabe
• Beka umkhawulo noma uvikele amawolintshi nejusi lewolintshi, ama-nectarines, ama-kiwis, omisiwe noma ezinye izithelo ezomisiwe, ubhanana, i-cantaloupe, uju lwezinyosi, ama-prunes, nama-nectarines

Lapho udla imifino:

• Khetha i-broccoli, iklabishi, izaqathe, ukholifulawa, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ikhukhamba, isitshalo seqanda, ubhontshisi obuhlaza no-wax, ulethisi, u-anyanisi, upelepele, i-watercress, i-zucchini no-squash ophuzi
• Nciphisa noma ugweme isilimo esinengono emnandi edliwayo, ukwatapheya, amazambane, utamatisi noma utamatisi, isikwashi sasebusika, ithanga, ukwatapheya nesipinashi esiphekiwe

INSIMBI

Abantu abanokuhluleka kwezinso okuthuthukile nabo bane-anemia futhi imvamisa badinga i-iron eyengeziwe.

Ukudla okuningi kuqukethe i-iron eyengeziwe (isibindi, inyama yenkomo, ingulube, inkukhu, ama-lima nobhontshisi wezinso, okusanhlamvu okuqiniswe ngensimbi). Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho noma isazi sokudla ngokudla ongakudla nge-ayoni ngenxa yesifo sakho sezinso.

Isifo se-renal - ukudla; Isifo sezinso - ukudla

UFouque D, uMitch WE. Izindlela zokudla ezifweni zezinso. Ku: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, ama-eds. IBrenner neRector's The Kidney. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 61.

Mitch WE. Isifo sezinso esingalapheki. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 121.

I-National Institute of Diabetes kanye newebhusayithi yezifo zeDigestive and Kidney. Ukudla nokudla okunomsoco we-hemodialysis. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/hemodialysis/eating-nutrition. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 2016. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 26, 2019.

Isisekelo Sezinso Sikazwelonke. Imihlahlandlela yokudla yabantu abadala eqala nge-hemodialysis. www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dietary_hemodialysis. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 26, 2019.