Ubuthi beMercury

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngobuthi obuvela kwi-mercury.

Lo mbhalo ungowolwazi kuphela. UNGAYisebenzisi ukwelapha noma ukuphatha ukuvezwa kobuthi uqobo. Uma wena noma umuntu onaye unokuchayeka, shayela inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni (njenge-911), noma isikhungo sendawo sakho sobuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasimahla lwe-Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-mercury ezidala izinkinga zempilo. Kunjalo:

• Elemental mercury, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-liquid mercury noma i-quicksilver
• Okungajwayelekile usawoti we-mercury
• I-mercury engokwemvelo

I-elemental mercury ingatholakala ku:

• Ama-thermometer engilazi
• Ukushintshwa kukagesi
• Ama-light fluorescent
• Ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo
• Imishini ethile yezokwelapha

I-mercury engajwayelekile ingatholakala ku:

• Amabhethri
• Amalebhu weChemistry
• Ezinye izibulala-magciwane
• Amakhambi abantu
• Amaminerali abomvu we-cinnabar

I-organic mercury ingatholakala ku:

• Ababulali bamagciwane amadala (ama-antiseptics) afana ne-red mercurochrome (merbromin) (le nto manje isivinjelwe yi-FDA)
• Amafutha avela emalahleni avuthayo
• Izinhlanzi ezidle uhlobo lwe-mercury ephilayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-methylmercury

Kungaba neminye imithombo yalezi zinhlobo ze-mercury.

UMUSA WOKUQALA

I-elemental mercury ngokuvamile ayinabungozi uma ithintwa noma igwinywa. Uwugqinsi futhi uyashelela kangangokuba uvame ukuwa esikhunjeni noma ushiye isisu namathumbu ngaphandle kokumunca.

Kungenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, kepha uma i-elemental mercury ingena emoyeni ngesimo samaconsi amancane aphefumulelwa emaphashini. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ngephutha lapho abantu bezama ukukhipha i-mercury echithekele phansi.

Ukuphefumula nge-elemental mercury eyanele kuzodala izimpawu ngokushesha. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izimpawu ezinzima. Izimpawu zesikhathi eside zizokwenzeka uma amanani amancane ehogela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izimpawu ezingamahlalakhona. Izimpawu ezingamahlalakhona zingafaka:

• Ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni
• Ukuhlanza
• Kunzima ukuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela okubi
• Izinsini ezivuvukile nezophayo

Ngokuya ngokuthi i-mercury ingakanani ehogelwayo, ukulimala kwamaphaphu okungapheli nokufa kungenzeka. Ukulimala kobuchopho besikhathi eside kusuka ku-elemental mercury elementha nakho kungenzeka.

Kube khona amacala okufakwa i-mercury ngaphansi kwesikhumba, okungadala umkhuhlane nokuqubuka.

UMUSA WENGQONDO

Ngokungafani ne-elemental mercury, i-inorganic mercury ivame ukuba nobuthi lapho igwinywa. Ngokuya ngokuthi kungakanani okuginywayo, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukushisa esiswini nasemphinjeni
• Uhudo olunegazi nokuhlanza

Uma i-inorganic mercury ingena egazini lakho, ingahlasela izinso nobuchopho. Ukulimala okungapheli kwezinso nokuhluleka kwezinso kungenzeka. Inani elikhulu egazini lingadala ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi noketshezi kusuka kuhudo nasekuhlulekeni kwezinso, okuholele ekufeni.

UMUSA WENZIMA

I-organic mercury ingadala ukugula uma iphefumulelwa, idliwa, noma ibekwa esikhumbeni isikhathi eside. Imvamisa, i-organic mercury idala izinkinga eminyakeni noma amashumi eminyaka, hhayi ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuvezwa inani elincane le-organic mercury nsuku zonke iminyaka kungadala ukuthi izimpawu zivele kamuva. Ukuvezwa okukodwa okukhulu, noma kunjalo, nakho kungadala izinkinga.

Ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside kungahle kudale izimpawu ohlelweni lwezinzwa, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuhlungu ezingxenyeni ezithile zesikhumba sakho
• Ukuthuthumela okungalawuleki noma ukuthuthumela
• Ukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle
• Ubumpumputhe nokubona kabili
• Izinkinga zememori
• Ukuquleka nokufa (ngokuvezwa okukhulu)

Ukuvezwa kumanani amakhulu e-organic mercury okuthiwa i-methylmercury ngenkathi ukhulelwe kungadala ukulimala okungapheli kobuchopho enganeni. Iningi labahlinzeki bezempilo lincoma ukuthi kudliwe inhlanzi encane, ikakhulukazi i-swordfish, ngenkathi ikhulelwe. Abesifazane kufanele bakhulume nomhlinzeki wabo ngalokho okufanele bakudle nokungafanele bakudle ngenkathi bekhulelwe.

Lungisa lolu lwazi:

• Iminyaka yomuntu, isisindo, nesimo (isibonelo, ingabe umuntu uvukile futhi uqaphile?)
• Umthombo we-mercury
• Isikhathi sasigwinywa, sidonswe, noma sithintwe
• Inani ligwinyiwe, lihogelwe, noma lithintwe

Ungalibali ukucela usizo uma ungayazi imininingwane engenhla.

Isikhungo sakho sendawo sokulawula ubuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela inombolo yocingo yamahhala kazwelonke (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Le nombolo yocingo kazwelonke izokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nochwepheshe bokufaka ushevu. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kokuvezwa kwe-mercury kufaka phakathi izinyathelo ezingezansi nje. Ukwelashwa kokuchayeka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze-mercury kunikezwa ngemuva kwalolu lwazi olujwayelekile.

Umuntu kufanele asuswe emthonjeni wokuchayeka.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzolinganisa futhi aqaphe izimpawu ezibalulekile zomuntu, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram) noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Kwenziwe amalahle ngomlomo noma ngeshubhu ngamakhala angene esiswini, uma i-mercury igwinyiwe
• I-Dialysis (umshini wezinso)
• Uketshezi ngomthambo (ngu-IV)
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu

Uhlobo lokuchayeka luzonquma ukuthi yikuphi okunye ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okudingekayo.

UMUSA WOKUQALA

Ukuhogela i-elemental mercury poisoning kungaba nzima ukuselapha. Umuntu angathola:

• I-oksijeni noma umoya othobekile
• Ishubhu lokuphefumula ngomlomo lingene emaphashini nokusetshenziswa komshini wokuphefumula (umshini wokuphefumula)
• Ukukhishwa kwe-mercury emaphashini
• Umuthi wokususa imercury nezinsimbi ezisindayo emzimbeni
• Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-mercury uma kujovwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba

UMUSA WENGQONDO

Ngokuthola ubuthi be-mercury obungaphili, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqala ngokunakekelwa okusekela. Umuntu angathola:

• Uketshezi ngo-IV (emthanjeni)
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu
• Amalahle asebenzayo, umuthi ocwilisa izinto eziningi esiswini
• Imithi ebizwa ngama-chelators ukususa i-mercury egazini

UMUSA WENZIMA

Ukwelashwa kokuchayeka kwi-organic mercury kuvame ukuba nemithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-chelators. Lokhu kususa i-mercury egazini bese kuyisusa ebuchosheni nasezinso. Imvamisa, le mithi kuzodingeka isetshenziswe amasonto kuya ezinyangeni.

Ukuphefumula ngesilinganiso esincane se-elemental mercury kuzodala imiphumela emibi kakhulu yesikhathi eside, uma ikhona. Kodwa-ke, ukuphefumula ngamanani amakhulu kungaholela ekuhlaleni isikhathi eside esibhedlela. Ukulimala okungapheli kwamaphaphu kungenzeka. Kungenzeka kube nokulimala kobuchopho. Ukudalulwa okukhulu kakhulu kungahle kudale ukufa.

Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-mercury engajwayelekile kungadala ukonakala okukhulu kwegazi noketshezi, ukwehluleka kwezinso, kanye nokufa okungenzeka kube khona.

Ukulimala okungapheli kobuchopho kusuka ku-organic mercury poisoning kunzima ukwelashwa. Abanye abantu abapholi, kepha kube nempumelelo ethile kubantu abathola ukwelashwa nge-chelation.

I-Mahajan PV. Heavy metal ukudakwa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 738.

UTheobald JL, Mycyk MB. Insimbi nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 151.