Ubuthi be-nitric acid

I-nitric acid iwuketshezi olunobuthi olucacile nophuzi. Kuyinto yamakhemikhali eyaziwa njenge-caustic. Uma ixhumana nezicubu, ingadala ukulimala.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngobuthi obuvela ekugwinyeni noma ekuphefumuleni i-nitric acid.

Lo mbhalo ungowolwazi kuphela. UNGAYisebenzisi ukwelapha noma ukuphatha ukuvezwa kobuthi uqobo. Uma wena noma umuntu onaye unokuchayeka, shayela inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni (njenge-911), noma isikhungo sendawo sakho sobuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasimahla lwe-Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States.

I-nitric acid

• Umanyolo
• Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza insimbi (njengemigqomo yezibhamu)

Qaphela: Lolu hlu kungenzeka lungabandakanyi konke.

Izimpawu zokugwinya i-nitric acid zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu - bukhulu
• Kusha isikhumba noma umlomo
• Ukumunca amathe
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bomlomo - obukhulu
• Ukwehla okusheshayo kwengcindezi yegazi (ukushaqeka)
• Ukuvuvukala komqala, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu bomqala - obukhulu
• Ukuhlanza, ukuchitha igazi

Izimpawu zokuphefumula (ukuhogela) i-nitric acid zingafaka:

• Izindebe nezinzipho ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Ukuchofoza
• Ukukhwehlela
• Akhwehlele igazi
• Isiyezi
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuthakathaka

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. UNGENZI umuntu ahlanze ngaphandle uma etshelwe yi-Poison Control noma uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Uma ikhemikhali ligwinyiwe, mnike ngokushesha lowo muntu amanzi noma ubisi, ngaphandle uma eyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumhlinzeki wezempilo. Nikeza ubisi lwama-magnesia ama-4 kuye kwayi-6 (120 kuya ku-180 milliliters), uma kungenzeka.

UNGANIKI amanzi noma ubisi uma umuntu enezimpawu (njengokuhlanza, ukudlikizela, noma ukwehla kwezinga lokuqapha) okwenza kube nzima ukugwinya.

Uma umuntu ephefumula ubuthi, msheshe umhambise emoyeni omusha.

Imininingwane elandelayo ilusizo kubaphenduli besimo esiphuthumayo:

• Iminyaka yomuntu, isisindo, nesimo
• Igama lomkhiqizo (nezithako namandla, uma kwaziwa)
• Isikhathi lapho igwinyiwe noma yahogela
• Inani ligwinyiwe noma lihogelwe

Kodwa-ke, UNGALIBALI ukubiza usizo uma lolu lwazi lungatholakali ngokushesha.

Isikhungo sakho sendawo sokulawula ubuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela inombolo yocingo yamahhala kazwelonke (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Le nombolo yocingo kazwelonke izokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nochwepheshe bokufaka ushevu. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Umhlinzeki uzolinganisa futhi aqaphe izimpawu ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi. Umuntu angathola:

• Ukusekelwa kwe-Airway, kufaka phakathi i-oxygen, ishubhu lokuphefumula ngomlomo (intubation), nomshini wokuphefumula (umshini wokuphefumula)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• Ikhamera ezansi nomphimbo (endoscopy) ukuze ubone ukusha kwepayipi lokudla (isisu) nasesiswini
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT noma okunye ukuskena kwe-imaging
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• Uketshezi ngomthambo (ngemithambo yegazi noma nge-IV)
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu
• Tube ngokusebenzisa ikhala ungene esiswini ukumunca (aspirate) noma iyiphi i-asidi esele uma umuntu ebonakala ngemuva nje kokuvezwa futhi kugwinywe inani elikhulu.

Ukuze kuvezwe isikhumba, ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwesikhumba esishisiwe (ukususwa)
• Dlulisela esibhedlela esikhethekile ekunakekelweni kokusha
• Ukuwashwa kwesikhumba (ukuchelela), mhlawumbe njalo emahoreni ambalwa izinsuku ezimbalwa

Kungadingeka ukwelashwa esibhedlela ukuze uqhubeke nokwelashwa. Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka uma i-esophagus, isisu, noma amathumbu enezimbobo (i-perforation) kusuka ekuvezeni i-asidi.

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuncike enanini likashevu agwinyiwe, ukuthi ubuthi bungene kangakanani, nokuthi ukwelashwa kutholakale ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokushesha lapho umuntu ethola usizo lwezempilo, aba maningi amathuba okuba alulame. Ukuhlanzeka kungaholela ekuthelelekeni okungenzeka kube kubi nokushaqeka, okungabulala. Ukulimala okungapheli nokukhubazeka kungenzeka.

UHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 148.

I-Pfau PR, iHancock SM. Izindikimba zakwamanye amazwe, ama-bezoars, kanye nokungeniswa okubangelwayo. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. ISleisenger neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: IPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 27.

ILabhulali Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha yase-U.S. Specialised Information Services, iwebhusayithi ye-Toxicology Data Network. I-nitric acid. toxnet.nlm.nih.gov. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 14, 2012. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 14, 2019.