Ubuthi bokususa inki

Isikhiphi se-inki ikhemikhali esetshenziselwa ukuphuma amabala ayinki. Ubuthi bokususa inki benzeka lapho othile egwinya le nto.

Lo mbhalo ungowolwazi kuphela. UNGAYisebenzisi ukwelapha noma ukuphatha ukuvezwa wushevu uqobo. Uma wena noma umuntu onaye unokuchayeka, shayela inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni (njenge-911), noma isikhungo sendawo sakho sobuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasimahla lwe-Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States.

Izithako ezinobuthi zifaka:

• Ukuphuza utshwala (i-ethanol)
• Ukuhlikihla utshwala (i-isopropyl alcohol, engaba nobuthi uma ingagwinywa ngemithamo emikhulu)
• Izinkuni zotshwala (i-methanol, enobuthi kakhulu)

Lezi zithako zingatholakala ku:

• Ukususa inki
• Ama-bleach oketshezi

Qaphela: Lolu hlu kungenzeka lungafaki yonke imithombo yokususa uyinki.

Izimpawu ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobuthi botshwala zingafaka:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukwehla kokuphefumula
• Isiphukuphuku (ukwehla kokuqwashisa, ukudideka kokulala)
• Ukuquleka

Izimpawu zobuthi zotshwala beMethanol ne-isopropyl zingenzeka ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba.

AMEHLO, IZINDLEBE, IKHALA NOMQOLO

• Ubumpumputhe
• Ukubona okufiphele
• Abafundi abakhulisiwe (abahluziwe)

UHLELO LWE-GASTROINTESTINAL

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukopha kakhulu nokuhlanza igazi (ukopha)

INHLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Umfutho wegazi ophansi, kwesinye isikhathi uholele ekushaqekeni
• Izinguquko ezinzima ezingeni le-asidi egazini (ibhalansi ye-pH), okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwezitho eziningi
• Ubuthakathaka
• Goqa

IZINYO

• Ukuhluleka kwezinso

AMALUNGE NEENDLELA ZENDLELA

• Kuyashesha, ukuphefumula okungajulile
• Uketshezi emaphashini
• Igazi emaphashini
• Wayeka ukuphefumula

IZIMBANGELA NAMATHAMBO

• Amajaqamba omlenze

UHLELO LWE-NEERVOUS

• I-Coma (ukwehla kwezinga lokwazi nokuntuleka kokuphendula)
• Isiyezi
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukudlikizela (ukuqubuka)

ISIKHUMBA

• Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izindebe, noma izinzipho zeminwe (i-cyanosis)

Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungenzi umuntu alahle phansi ngaphandle uma etshelwa ukuthi enze njalo ngokulawulwa ubuthi noma uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Uma ikhemikhali lisesikhunjeni noma emehlweni, gxuma ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15.

Thola imininingwane elandelayo:

• Iminyaka yomuntu, isisindo, nesimo
• Igama lomkhiqizo (nezithako namandla, uma kwaziwa)
• Isikhathi sigwinyiwe
• Inani ligwinyiwe

Isikhungo sakho sendawo sokulawula ubuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela inombolo yocingo yamahhala kazwelonke (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Le nombolo yocingo kazwelonke izokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nochwepheshe bokufaka ushevu. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzolinganisa futhi aqaphe izimpawu ezibalulekile zomuntu, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi. Izimpawu zizophathwa ngendlela efanele. Umuntu angathola:

• Ukwesekwa kokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi i-oxygen, ishubhu elingena emlonyeni liye emaphashini, nomshini wokuphefumula (i-ventilator).
• I-Endoscopy - ikhamera ezansi emphinjeni ukuze ibheke ukusha emqaleni (ishubhu lokugwinya) nasesiswini.
• Uketshezi ngomthambo (ngo-IV).
• I-kidney dialysis (umshini wokususa ubuthi nokulungisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base).
• Imithi (i-antidote) yokuguqula umphumela wobuthi nokwelapha izimpawu.
• Tube ngomlomo ungene esiswini ukuze ufise (ukumunca) isisu. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela lapho umuntu ethola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30-45 yobuthi, kanti nenani elikhulu kakhulu laleyo nto seligwinyiwe.

Ukwenza kahle komuntu kuncike enanini likashevu agwinyiwe nokuthi ukwelashwa kusheshe kutholakale kanjani. Ngokushesha lapho umuntu ethola usizo lwezempilo, aba maningi amathuba okuba alulame.

I-Methanol iyinto eyingozi kakhulu futhi enobuthi engaba isithako sokususa inki. Imvamisa kubangela ukungaboni okuhlala njalo.

UNelson ME. Izidakwa Ezinobuthi. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 141.

UTolwani AJ, Saha MK, Wille KM. I-Metabolic acidosis ne-alkalosis. Ku: Vincent JL, Abraham E, Moore FA, Kochanek PM, Fink MP, eds. Incwadi Yokunakekelwa Okubalulekile. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 104.

UZimmerman JL. Ubuthi. Ku: Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, ama-eds. Imithi Yokunakekelwa Okubalulekile: Izimiso Zokuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwabantu Abadala. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 65.