Ukukhula okubambezelekile

Ukukhula okubambezelekile kungukuphakama okuncane noma okuhamba kancane ngokungajwayelekile noma ukuzuza kwesisindo enganeni engaphansi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-5. Lokhu kungaba yinto ejwayelekile, futhi ingane ingase idlule.

Ingane kufanele ihlolwe njalo, kahle izingane nomhlinzeki wezempilo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukuhlelelwa ngezikhathi ezilandelayo:

• Amaviki amabili kuya kwamane
• 2½ iminyaka
• Njalo ngonyaka ngemuva kwalokho

Izihloko ezihlobene zifaka:

• Ukuqoshwa kwentuthuko - izinyanga ezi-2
• Ukuqoshwa kwentuthuko - izinyanga ezi-4
• Ukuqoshwa kwentuthuko - izinyanga eziyi-6
• Ukuqoshwa kwentuthuko - izinyanga eziyi-9
• Irekhodi lokuqopha umlando - izinyanga eziyi-12
• Amarekhodi okuthuthuka - izinyanga eziyi-18
• Irekhodi lokuqopha umlando - iminyaka emibili
• Irekhodi lokuqopha umlando - iminyaka emithathu
• Irekhodi lezintuthuko - iminyaka emi-4
• Irekhodi lokuqopha umlando - iminyaka emi-5

Ukubambezeleka kokukhula komthethosisekelo kubhekise ezinganeni ezincane ngeminyaka yazo kepha ezikhula ngezinga elijwayelekile. Ukuthomba kuvame ukufika sekwedlule isikhathi kulezi zingane.

Lezi zingane ziyaqhubeka nokukhula ngemuva kokumiswa iningi lontanga yazo. Isikhathi esiningi, bazofinyelela ukuphakama kwabantu abadala okufana nokuphakama kwabazali babo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimbangela zokubambezeleka kokukhula kufanele zikhishwe.

Izakhi zofuzo nazo zingadlala indima. Umzali oyedwa noma bobabili bangaba mfushane. Abazali abafushane kepha abaphilile bangaba nengane enempilo ese-5% emfushane kakhulu yobudala bayo. Lezi zingane zimfushane, kepha kufanele zifinyelele ekuphakameni komzali oyedwa noma bobabili.

Ukukhula okubambezelekile noma okuhamba kancane kunokulindelekile kungadalwa yizinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Izifo ezingalapheki
• Izinkinga ze-Endocrine
• Impilo engokomzwelo
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukungondleki kahle

Izingane eziningi ezinokukhula okubambezelekile nazo zinokubambezeleka ekukhuleni.

Uma ukuzuza kancane kwesisindo kungenxa yokushoda kwama-calories, zama ukondla ingane ngokufunwa. Khulisa inani lokudla okunikezwa ingane. Nikeza ukudla okunomsoco, okunama-khalori amaningi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela ifomula ngqo ngokulandela izinkomba. UNGANIKI amanzi (thenga) ifomula elungele ukusuthiswa.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma ukhathazekile ngokukhula kwengane yakho. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile noma ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ukubambezeleka kokukhula noma izingqinamba ezingokomzwelo kungaba nomthelela ekukhuleni okulibazisekile kwengane.

Uma ingane yakho ingakhuli ngenxa yokushoda kwama-calories, umhlinzeki wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezokudla ongakusiza ukhethe ukudla okufanele ukunikela ngengane yakho.

Umhlinzeki uzohlola ingane futhi alinganise ubude, isisindo, kanye nobubanzi bekhanda. Umzali noma umnakekeli uzobuzwa imibuzo ngomlando wezempilo wengane, kufaka phakathi:

• Ngabe ingane ibilokhu isezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lamashadi okukhula?
• Ngabe ukukhula kwengane kwaqala kwajwayelekile kwahamba kancane?
• Ingabe ingane ikhula ngamakhono ajwayelekile okuxhumana nabantu namakhono omzimba?
• Ingabe ingane idla kahle? Yiziphi izinhlobo zokudla ingane edlayo?
• Uhlobo luni lwesheduli yokudla olusetshenziswayo?
• Ngabe usana lunceliswa ibele noma ibhodlela?
• Uma ingane inceliswa ibele, imiphi imithi umama ayiphuzayo?
• Uma udliswa ngebhodlela, hlobo luni lwefomula olusetshenziswayo? Ifomula ixutshwe kanjani?
• Yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ezithathwa yingane?
• Bade kangakanani abazali bezingane? Zikala kangakanani?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezikhona?

Umhlinzeki futhi angabuza imibuzo mayelana nemikhuba yobuzali kanye nokuxhumana kwengane kwezenhlalo.

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (okufana ne-CBC noma umehluko wegazi)
• Izifundo zesitofu (ukubheka ukumuncwa komsoco okungekuhle)
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Ama-X-ray ukuthola iminyaka yobudala bethambo nokubheka ukuphuka kwamathambo

Ukukhula - kuhamba kancane (ingane engu-0 kuya kwengu-5 iminyaka); Ukuzuza kwesisindo - kuhamba kancane (ingane engu-0 kuya kwengu-5); Izinga elincane lokukhula; Ukukhula okulindelekile nentuthuko; Ukubambezeleka kokukhula

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane

ICooke DW, iDivall SA, uRadovick S. Ukukhula okujwayelekile nokungajwayelekile ezinganeni. Ku: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 24.

UKimmel SR, uRatliff-Schaub K. Ukukhula nentuthuko. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 22.

ULo L, uBallantine A. Ukungondleki. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 59.