Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa

Ukulahleka kokuzwa ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele akukwazi ukuzwa umsindo endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili.

Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingafaka:

• Imisindo ethile ibonakala iphakeme kakhulu endlebeni eyodwa
• Kunzima ukulandela izingxoxo lapho abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu bekhuluma
• Kunzima ukuzwa ezindaweni ezinomsindo
• Inkinga yokutshela imisindo ephezulu (njenge "s" noma "th") komunye nomunye
• Akunankinga yokuzwa amazwi amadoda kunamazwi abesifazane
• Ukuzwa amaphimbo njengokumemeza noma ukudangala

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa ungabhalansile noma unesiyezi (kuvame kakhulu kwisifo seMénière kanye ne-acoustic neuroma)
• Ukuzwa kwengcindezi endlebeni (kuketshezi olungemva kwe-eardrum)
• Ukukhala noma ukubhuza umsindo ezindlebeni (tinnitus)

Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuqhubekayo (CHL) kwenzeka ngenxa yenkinga yemishini endlebeni yangaphandle noma ephakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi:

• Amathambo amancane endlebe ama-3 (ama-ossic) awawenzi kahle umsindo.
• I-eardrum ayinyakazisi ngokuphendula umsindo.

Izimbangela zokulahleka kokuzwa okungalawulwa kaningi zingelashwa. Kubandakanya:

• Ukwakhiwa kwe-wax emseleni wezindlebe
• Ukulimala kwamathambo amancane kakhulu (ama-ossicles) angakwesokudla kwe-eardrum
• Uketshezi olusele endlebeni ngemuva kokutheleleka endlebeni
• Into yangaphandle enamathele emseleni wezindlebe
• Imbobo endlebeni
• Isibazi ku-eardrum ekungenweni yizifo eziphindaphindwayo

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-Sensorineural (SNHL) kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana amancane ezinwele (iziphetho zezinzwa) ezitholela umsindo endlebeni alimala, agula, engasebenzi kahle, noma esefile. Lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kaningi alunakubuyiselwa emuva.

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa kuvame ukubangelwa:

• I-acoustic neuroma
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuhlobene nobudala
• Ukutheleleka ebuntwaneni, njenge-meningitis, uqwilikana, umkhuhlane obomvu, nesimungumungwane
• Isifo seMénière
• Ukuvezwa njalo emisindweni ephezulu (njengokuvela emsebenzini noma ukungcebeleka)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kungaba khona lapho kuzalwa (kuzalwa) futhi kungabangelwa:

• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okwenza izinguquko ezakhiweni zendlebe
• Izimo zofuzo (ngaphezulu kuka-400 ziyaziwa)
• Amagciwane umama adlulisela enganeni yakhe esibelethweni, njenge-toxoplasmosis, rubella, noma i-herpes

Indlebe nayo ingalimala ngu:

• Umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-eardrum, imvamisa kusuka ekushoneleni nge-scuba
• Ukuphuka kogebhezi (kungalimaza izakhiwo noma izinzwa zendlebe)
• Ukuhlukumezeka ngenxa yokuqhuma, iziqhumane, ukuqhuma kwezibhamu, amakhonsathi e-rock, nama-earphone

Imvamisa ungakhipha i-wax buildup ngaphandle kwendlebe (ngobumnene) ngamasirinji endlebe (atholakala ezitolo zezidakamizwa) namanzi afudumele. Izithambisi ze-Wax (njengeCerumenex) zingadingeka uma i-wax ilukhuni futhi inamathele endlebeni.

Qaphela lapho ususa izinto zangaphandle endlebeni. Ngaphandle kokuthi kube lula ukufika, cela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo asuse into. Ungasebenzisi izinsimbi ezibukhali ukususa izinto zangaphandle.

Bona umhlinzeki wakho nganoma yikuphi okunye ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Izinkinga zokuzwa ziphazamisa indlela ophila ngayo.
• Izinkinga zokuzwa azipheli noma zibe zimbi kakhulu.
• Ukuzwa kubi kakhulu endlebeni eyodwa kunezinye.
• Unokulahleka kokuzwa okungazelelwe, okunzima noma ukukhala ezindlebeni (tinnitus).
• Unezinye izimpawu, ezinjengobuhlungu bendlebe, kanye nezinkinga zokuzwa.
• Unekhanda elisha, ubuthakathaka, noma ukuba ndikindiki noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho.

Umhlinzeki uzothatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-audiometric (izivivinyo zokuzwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola uhlobo nenani lokulahleka kokuzwa)
  
• I-CT noma i-MRI scan yekhanda (uma kusolwa isimila noma ukuphuka)
• I-Tympanometry

Lokhu kuhlinzwa okulandelayo kungasiza ezinye izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa:

• Ukulungiswa kwe-Eardrum
• Ukufaka amashubhu ezindlebeni zokususa uketshezi
• Ukulungiswa kwamathambo amancane endlebeni ephakathi (ossiculoplasty)

Okulandelayo kungasiza ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa kwesikhathi eside:

• Izinsiza zokulalela ezisizayo
• Izinhlelo zokuphepha nezexwayiso zekhaya lakho
• Izinsiza-kuzwa
• Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear
• Amasu wokufunda ukukusiza ukuxhumana
• Ulimi lwezandla (lwalabo abalahlekelwe kakhulu ukuzwa)

Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear kusetshenziswa kuphela kubantu abalahlekelwe ukuzwa okuningi ukuze bazuze osizweni lokuzwa.

Ukuncipha kokuzwa; Izithulu; Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa; Ukulahleka kokuzwa okusebenzayo; Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa; I-Presbycusis

• I-anatomy yendlebe

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Eggermont JJ. Izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Ku: Eggermont JJ, ed. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa. ICambridge, MA: I-Elsevier Academic Press; I-2017: isahluko 5.

IKerber KA, iBaloh RW. I-Neuro-otology: ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwezifo ze-neuro-otological. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 46.

U-Le Prell CG. Ukulahleka kokuzwa okubangelwe umsindo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 154.

UShearer AE, uShibata SB, uSmith RJH. Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe zofuzo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 150.

Weinstein B. Ukuphazamiseka kokuzwa. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ama-eds. Incwadi kaBrocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine ne-Gerontology. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: isahluko 96.