Umchamo - onegazi

Igazi emchameni wakho libizwa nge-hematuria. Inani lingaba lincane kakhulu futhi litholakale kuphela ngokuhlolwa komchamo noma ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, igazi liyabonakala. Imvamisa ijika amanzi asendlini yangasese abomvu noma abomvana. Noma, ungabona amabala egazi emanzini ngemuva kokuchama.

Ziningi izimbangela zegazi emchameni.

Umchamo wegazi ungabangelwa inkinga ezinso zakho noma kwezinye izingxenye zomgudu wokuchama, njenge:

• Umdlavuza wesinye noma wezinso
• Ukutheleleka kwesinye, izinso, i-prostate, noma i-urethra
• Ukuvuvukala kwesinye, urethra, i-prostate, noma izinso (glomerulonephritis)
• Ukulimala esinyeni noma ezinso
• Izinso zezinso noma zesinye
• Isifo sezinso ngemuva kwe-strep throat (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis), imbangela ejwayelekile yegazi emchameni ezinganeni
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• Isifo sezinso sePolycystic
• Inqubo yakamuva ye-urinary tract njenge-catheterization, ukusoka, ukuhlinzwa, noma i-biopsy yezinso

Uma kungekho nkinga yokwakheka noma yokwakheka kwezinso zakho, umgudu wokuchama, i-prostate, noma izitho zangasese, udokotela wakho angahlola ukuthi unenkinga yokopha. Izimbangela zingafaka:

• Izinkinga zokopha (njenge-hemophilia)
• Ukuqina kwegazi ezinso
• Imithi yokunciphisa igazi (njenge-aspirin noma i-warfarin)
• Isifo se-Sickle cell
• I-Thrombocytopenia (izinombolo eziphansi zamaplatelets)

Igazi elibukeka sengathi lisemchameni kungenzeka ukuthi livela kweminye imithombo, enjenge:

• Imomozi yowesifazane (kwabesifazane)
• Ukujula, imvamisa ngenxa yenkinga yesinye (emadodeni)
• Ukunyakaza kwamathumbu

Umchamo ungabuye uguqule umbala obomvu kusuka kuzidakamizwa ezithile, ama-beet, noma okunye ukudla.

Ungahle ungaboni igazi emchameni wakho ngoba liyincane futhi liyimicroscopic. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angakuthola ngenkathi ehlola umchamo wakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.

Ungalokothi unganaki igazi olibona emchameni. Hlola umhlinzeki wakho, ikakhulukazi uma une:

• Ukungakhululeki ngokuchama
• Ukuchama njalo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki
• Ukuchama okuphuthumayo

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma:

• Unomkhuhlane, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuqhaqhazela, noma ubuhlungu esiswini, ohlangothini, noma emuva
• Awukwazi ukuchama
• Udlulisa amahlule egazini emchameni wakho

Fonela futhi uma:

• Unobuhlungu ngokuya ocansini noma ukuphuma kwegazi okunzima. Lokhu kungabangelwa inkinga ehlobene nohlelo lwakho lokuzala.
• Unomchamo odonsayo, ukuchama ebusuku, noma ubunzima ukuqala ukugeleza komchamo wakho. Lokhu kungahle kube kusuka enkingeni yesinye.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abuze imibuzo efana nale:

• Uqale nini ukubona igazi emchameni wakho? Ngabe inani lomchamo wakho lenyukile noma lehlile?
• Uyini umbala womchamo wakho? Ingabe umchamo wakho unephunga?
• Ingabe unabo ubuhlungu bokuchama noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka?
• Ngabe uchama kaningi, noma ngabe isidingo sokuchama siphuthuma kakhulu?
• Imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo?
• Wake waba nezinkinga zomchamo noma zezinso esikhathini esedlule, noma usanda kuhlinzwa noma walimala?
• Ngabe usanda kudla ukudla okungadala ushintsho kumbala, njengama-beet, amajikijolo noma i-rhubarb?

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• I-ultrasound yesisu
• Isivivinyo se-antiinuclear antibody se-lupus
• Izinga le-creatinine yegazi
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• I-CT scan yesisu
• I-cystoscopy
• Ukucubungula izinso
• Isivivinyo se-Strep
• Ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela, izinkinga zokopha, nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• I-cytology ye-Urinary
• Isiko lomchamo
• Ukuqoqwa komchamo wamahora angama-24 kwe-creatinine, amaprotheni, i-calcium
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-PT, PTT noma kwe-INR

Ukwelashwa kuzoya ngesizathu segazi emchameni.

Hematuria; Igazi emchameni

• Umgudu womchamo wabesifazane
• Umgudu womchamo wabesilisa

IBoorjian SA, iRamad JD, iBarocas DA. Ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa kwe-hematuria. Ku: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, ama-eds. ICampbell-Walsh Urology. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 9.

UBrown DD, uReidy KJ. Sondela enganeni nge-hematuria. Umtholampilo Wezingane eNyakatho Am. 2019; 66 (1): 15-30. PMID: 30454740 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30454740.

I-Landry DW, iBazari H. Indlela eya esigulini esinesifo so-renal. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 106.