Ukushiswa yilanga

Ukushiswa yilanga ukubomvu kwesikhumba okwenzeka ngemuva kokuvezwa kakhulu yilanga noma okunye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokushiswa yilanga kungenzeka zingaveli amahora ambalwa. Umphumela ogcwele esikhunjeni sakho kungenzeka ungaveli amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu. Izimpawu ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Isikhumba esibomvu, esithambile esifudumele lapho usithinta
• Amabhamuza akhula amahora nezinsuku kamuva
• Ukusabela okunamandla (kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi yi-sun poisoning), kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukugodola, isicanucanu, noma ukuqubuka
• Isikhumba siyaxebuka ezindaweni ezishiswe yilanga ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokushiswa yilanga

Izimpawu zokushiswa yilanga zivame ukuba zesikhashana. Kepha ukulimala kwamangqamuzana esikhumba kuvame ukuhlala unomphela, okungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yesikhathi eside. Lokhu kubandakanya umdlavuza wesikhumba nokuguga kusenesikhathi kwesikhumba. Ngesikhathi isikhumba siqala ukuba buhlungu futhi sibomvu, umonakalo usuwenzile. Ubuhlungu bukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamahora ayisithupha kuya kwangu-48 ngemuva kokushiswa yilanga.

Ukushiswa yilanga kuba khona lapho inani lokuchayeka elangeni noma komunye umthombo wokukhanya we-ultraviolet weqa ikhono le-melanin ukuvikela isikhumba. I-Melanin umbala wokuvikela isikhumba (i-pigment). Ukushiswa yilanga kumuntu onesikhumba esikhanyayo kakhulu kungenzeka esikhathini esingaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15 phakathi nokushiswa yilanga emini, kuyilapho umuntu onesikhumba esimnyama engakubekezelela ukuvezwa okufanayo amahora.

Bese ukhumbula:

• Ayikho into efana ne- "tan enempilo." Ukuvezwa yilanga okungavikelekile kudala ukuguga kusenesikhathi nomdlavuza wesikhumba.
• Ukuvezwa yilanga kungadala ukusha kwezinga lokuqala nelesibili.
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba uvame ukuvela lapho usumdala. Kepha, kubangelwa ukuvezwa yilanga nokushiswa yilanga okwaqala ebuntwaneni.

Izici ezenza ukushiswa yilanga kube lula kakhulu:

• Izinsana nezingane zizwela kakhulu ekushisweni yilanga.
• Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo maningi amathuba okuthi bashiswe yilanga. Kepha nesikhumba esimnyama nesimnyama singasha futhi kufanele sivikelwe.
• Imisebe yelanga iqine kakhulu ngezikhathi zehora le-10 ekuseni kuya kwelesi-4 ntambama. Imisebe yelanga ibuye ibe namandla ezindaweni eziphakeme nangaphezulu (eduze kwenkabazwe). Ukukhombisa amanzi, isihlabathi, noma iqhwa kungenza imisebe yelanga evuthayo iqine.
• Izibani zelanga zingadala ukushiswa yilanga okukhulu.
• Eminye imithi (efana ne-antibiotic doxycycline) ingenza isikhumba sakho sibe lula ukushiswa yilanga.
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha (njenge-lupus) zingakwenza uzwele kakhulu elangeni.

Uma uthola ukushiswa yilanga:

• Thatha ishawa noma ibhavu epholile noma ubeke izindwangu ezihlanzekile ezimanzi lapho kushile khona.
• UNGAYisebenzisi imikhiqizo equkethe i-benzocaine noma i-lidocaine. Lokhu kungadala ukungezwani komzimba nabanye abantu futhi kwenze ukusha kube kubi kakhulu.
• Uma kukhona amabhamuza, amabhandeshi omile angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka.
• Uma isikhumba sakho singakhanyi, ukhilimu othambisa ungasetshenziswa ukukhulula ukungakhululeki. UNGAYisebenzisi ibhotela, i-petroleum jelly (i-Vaseline), noma eminye imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngo-oyela. Lezi zingavimba izimbotshana ukuze ukushisa nomjuluko kungaphunyuki, okungaholela ekutheleleni. UNGAKhethi noma ususe ingxenye ephezulu yamabhamuza.
• Amakhilimu anamavithamini C no-E angasiza ekunciphiseni ukulimala kwamangqamuzana esikhumba.
• Imithi ethengiswayo, efana ne-ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen, isiza ekudambiseni ubuhlungu bokushiswa yilanga. UNGANIKI izingane i-aspirin.
• Amafutha e-Cortisone angasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
• Izingubo zikakotini ezikhululekile kufanele zigqokwe.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi.

Izindlela zokuvimbela ukushiswa yilanga zifaka:

• Sebenzisa isikrini selanga esibanzi se-SPF 30 noma ngaphezulu. Isikrini selanga esibanzi esibanzi sivikela kuyo yomibili imisebe ye-UVB ne-UVA.
• Faka inani elinomusa lesikrini selanga ukumboza ngokugcwele isikhumba esivele obala. Faka isicelo sokuzivikela elangeni njalo emahoreni amabili noma kaningi njengoba ilebula isho.
• Faka isicelo selanga emuva kokubhukuda noma sokujuluka futhi noma ngabe liguqubele.
• Sebenzisa i-lip balm ene-sunscreen.
• Gqoka isigqoko esinomphetho obanzi nezinye izingubo zokuzivikela. Izingubo ezinombala okhanyayo zikhombisa ilanga kahle kakhulu.
• Hlala ngaphandle elangeni ngezikhathi lapho imisebe yelanga inamandla kakhulu phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama.
• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinokuvikelwa kwe-UV.

Shayela umhlinzeki wezempilo ngokushesha uma unomkhuhlane ngokushiswa yilanga. Fonela futhi uma kunezimpawu zokushaqeka, ukukhathala kokushisa, ukoma emzimbeni, noma okunye ukusabela okungathi sína. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa uphela amandla noma unesiyezi
• Ukushaya ngamandla noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• Ukoma okukhulu, ukuphuma komchamo, noma amehlo acwile
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile, esimnyama, noma esipholile
• Isicanucanu, umkhuhlane, amakhaza, noma ukuqubuka
• Amehlo akho abuhlungu futhi ayazwela ekukhanyeni
• Amabhamuza abukhali, abuhlungu

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi abheke isikhumba sakho. Ungabuzwa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu zamanje, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukushiswa yilanga kwenzeka nini?
• Uvame kangakanani ukushiswa yilanga?
• Ingabe unamabhamuza?
• Ngakanani umzimba oshiswe yilanga?
• Imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo?
• Ingabe usebenzisa isivikelo selanga noma isivikelo selanga? Uhlobo luni? Iqine kangakanani?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo?

I-erythema yelanga; Kushe elangeni

• Kushe
• Ukuvikelwa kwelanga
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, i-melanoma ku-uzipho
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, ukuvalwa kwe-lentigo maligna melanoma
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba - ukuvalwa kwe-melanoma yezinga lesithathu
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba - ukuvalwa kwezinga le-IV melanoma
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba - i-melanoma iyanda
• Ukushiswa yilanga
• Ukushiswa yilanga

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Academy of Dermatology. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Esikrinini Esilangeni. www.aad.org/sun-protection/sunscreen-faqs. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 23, 2019.

IHabif TP. Izifo ezihlobene nokukhanya kanye nokuphazamiseka kombala. Ku: Habif TP, ed. I-Clinical Dermatology: Umhlahlandlela Wombala Wokuxilongwa Nokwelapha. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 19.

IKrakowski AC, iGoldenberg A. Ukuvezwa yimisebe yelanga. Ku: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, eds. Imithi Yasehlane Lase-Auerbach. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 16.