Isikhumba esimnyama ngokungajwayelekile noma esikhanyayo

Isikhumba esimnyama ngokungajwayelekile noma esikhanyayo yisikhumba esiguquke saba mnyama noma sikhanya kunokujwayelekile.

Isikhumba esijwayelekile siqukethe amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte. Lawa maseli akhiqiza i-melanin, into enikeza isikhumba umbala wayo.

Isikhumba esine-melanin eningi kakhulu sibizwa ngokuthi isikhumba esine-hyperpigmented.

Isikhumba esine-melanin encane kakhulu sibizwa ngokuthi yi-hypopigmented. Isikhumba esingenayo i-melanin nhlobo sibizwa ngokuthi sidiliziwe.

Izindawo zesikhumba esiphaphathekile zibangelwa ama-melanin amancane kakhulu noma ama-melanocyte angasebenzi. Izindawo ezimnyama zesikhumba (noma indawo ethanjiswa kalula) kwenzeka uma une-melanin eningi noma ama-melanocyte angaphezulu.

Ukuqaqamba kwesikhumba kwesinye isikhathi kungaphanjaniswa ne-suntan. Lokhu kuguquka kwesikhumba kuvame ukukhula kancane, kuqala endololwaneni, kumaqupha, nasemadolweni bese kusabalala kusuka lapho. I-bronzing nayo ingabonakala ematheni ezinyawo nasezintendeni zezandla. Umbala wethusi ungasuka ekukhanyeni uye kokumnyama (kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo) ngezinga lobumnyama ngenxa yesizathu esiyimbangela.

Izimbangela ze-hyperpigmentation zifaka:

• Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba (i-hyperpigmentation yangemva kokuvuvukala)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile (njenge-minocycline, amakhemikhali athile womdlavuza namaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa)
• Izifo zesistimu yeHormone ezifana nesifo i-Addison
• I-Hemochromatosis (i-overload yensimbi)
• Ukuvezwa yilanga
• Ukukhulelwa (i-melasma, noma imaski yokukhulelwa)
• Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezithile

Izimbangela ze-hypopigmentation zifaka:

• Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba
• Izifo ezithile zefungal (njenge-tinea versicolor)
• Pityriasis alba
• I-Vitiligo
• Imithi ethile
• Isimo sesikhumba esibizwa nge-idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis ezindaweni ezivezwe yilanga njengezingalo
• Izimpawu zokuzalwa ezithile

Okhilimu abangaphezu kwamanani kanye nodokotela bayatholakala ukukhanyisa isikhumba. I-Hydroquinone ehlangene ne-tretinoin iyinhlanganisela esebenzayo. Uma usebenzisa la makhilimu, landela imiyalo ngokucophelela, futhi ungasebenzisi eyodwa ngaphezu kwamasonto amathathu ngesikhathi. Isikhumba esimnyama sidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu lapho usebenzisa la malungiselelo. Izimonyo zingasiza futhi ukufihla ukushintsha kombala.

Gwema ukuchayeka kakhulu elangeni. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen njalo nge-SPF engama-30 noma ngaphezulu.

Isikhumba esimnyama ngokungajwayelekile singaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngesivumelwano uma une:

• Ukuguqulwa kwesikhumba okubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu
• Ukuphikelela okuqhubekayo, okungachazeki noma ukukhanyisa kwesikhumba
• Noma yisiphi isilonda sesikhumba noma isilonda esishintsha ukuma, usayizi, noma umbala kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesikhumba

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi:

• Kwenzeka nini ukushintsha kombala?
• Ingabe yathuthuka ngokungazelelwe?
• Ingabe kuya ngokuya kuba kubi? Kushesha kangakanani?
• Ngabe selisabalele nakwezinye izitho zomzimba?
• Imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo?
• Ngabe ukhona omunye umuntu emndenini wakho onenkinga efanayo?
• Uhlala kangakanani elangeni? Ngabe usebenzisa isibani selanga noma uya ezindaweni zokucwebezela izikhumba?
• Ukudla kwakho kunjani?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo? Isibonelo, ingabe kukhona ukuqubuka noma izilonda zesikhumba?

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Isivivinyo sokukhuthaza i-Adrenocorticotrophin hormone
• Isikhumba biopsy
• Izifundo zomsebenzi wegilo
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani sezinkuni
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-KOH

Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma okhilimu, ointments, ukuhlinzwa, noma i-phototherapy, kuya ngohlobo lwesimo sesikhumba onaso. Ukhilimu okhanyayo ungasiza ukukhanyisa izindawo ezimnyama zesikhumba.

Olunye ushintsho lombala wesikhumba lungabuyela kokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Ukweqisa ngokweqile; Ukweqisa ngokweqile; Isikhumba - sikhanya ngokungajwayelekile noma simnyama

• I-Vitiligo - isidakamizwa esenziwe
• I-Vitiligo ebusweni
• I-incontinentia pigmenti emlenzeni
• I-incontinentia pigmenti emlenzeni
• I-Hyperpigmentation 2
• I-post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation - inkonyane
• Hyperpigmentation w / ubungozi
• I-hyperpigmentation yangemva kokuvuvukala 2

Chang MW. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-hyperpigmentation. Ku: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, ama-eds. Isikhumba. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 67.

Passeron T, Ortonne JP. I-Vitiligo nezinye izifo ze-hypopigmentation. Ku: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, ama-eds. Isikhumba. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 66.