Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

I-antigen eqondene ne-Prostate (PSA) yiprotheni ekhiqizwa amaseli e-prostate.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kwenziwa ukusiza ukuhlola nokulandela umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa emadodeni.

Kudingeka isampula yegazi.

Qiniseka ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uyazi yonke imithi oyiphuzayo. Ezinye izidakamizwa zenza ukuthi izinga lakho le-PSA libe phansi ngokungamanga.

Ezimweni eziningi, azikho ezinye izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ukulungiselela lolu vivinyo. Akufanele ube nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA ngemuva nje kokuthola ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo noma ukwenza inqubo noma ukuhlinzwa okubandakanya uhlelo lokuchama. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi kufanele ulinde isikhathi esingakanani.

Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane noma ukubhoboza lapho inaliti ifakiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungahle kube nokushaywa okuthile noma ukulimazeka okuncane. Lezi ngokushesha ziyahamba.

Izizathu zokuhlolwa kwe-PSA:

• Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuhlola umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa.
• Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukulandela abantu ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.
• Uma umhlinzeki ezwa ukuthi indlala yendlala ayivamile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba.

OKWENGEZIWE MAYELANA NOKUSIKELA ISIFO SOMDLAVUZA WESIBELE

Ukukala izinga le-PSA kungakhuphula ithuba lokuthola umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa uma kusenesikhathi. Kepha kunempikiswano ngokubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA kokuthola umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa. Ayikho impendulo eyodwa elingana wonke amadoda.

Kwabesilisa abathile abaneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwengama-69 ubudala, ukuhlolwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, emadodeni amaningi, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kungahle kube yingozi esikhundleni sokuzuzisa.

Ngaphambi kokwenza isivivinyo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nobuhle nobubi bokuba nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA. Buza mayelana:

• Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kunciphisa amathuba akho okubulawa ngumdlavuza wendlala yesinye
• Noma ngabe kukhona yini ukulimala ekuhlolweni komdlavuza wendlala yesinye, njengemiphumela emibi evela ekuhlolweni noma ekwelashweni komdlavuza lapho kutholakala

Abesilisa abangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engama-55 banethuba eliphakeme lokuba nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye futhi kufanele bakhulume nomhlinzeki wabo mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA uma:

• Yiba nomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wendlala yesinye (ikakhulukazi umzalwane noma ubaba)
• Ingabe ama-African American

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-PSA awukwazi ukuhlonza umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa. Yi-prostate biopsy kuphela engahlola lo mdlavuza.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzobheka imiphumela yakho ye-PSA futhi abheke iminyaka yakho, ubuhlanga, imithi oyiphuzayo, nezinye izinto ukunquma ukuthi ngabe i-PSA yakho ijwayelekile nokuthi ngabe udinga ezinye izivivinyo.

Izinga elijwayelekile le-PSA libhekwa njengama-nanogramu angu-4.0 ngemililitha (ng / mL) yegazi, kepha lokhu kuyehluka ngeminyaka:

• Kwabesilisa abaku-50s noma ngaphansi kwabo, izinga le-PSA kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-2.5 ezimweni eziningi.
• Amadoda amadala avame ukuba namazinga aphezulu we-PSA kunamadoda amancane.

Izinga eliphezulu le-PSA lixhunyaniswe namathuba andile okuba nomdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthola umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa, kepha akuyona into engenangqondo. Ezinye izimo zingadala ukwanda kwe-PSA, kufaka phakathi:

• Indlala yesinye enkulu
• Ukutheleleka kwe-prostate (prostatitis)
• Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo
• Ukuhlolwa kwakamuva esinyeni sakho (i-cystoscopy) noma i-prostate (i-biopsy)
• Ipayipi le-catheter lisanda kufakwa esinyeni sakho ukukhipha umchamo
• Ucansi lwakamuva noma i-ejaculation
• I-colonoscopy yakamuva

Umhlinzeki wakho uzobheka izinto ezilandelayo lapho enquma ngesinyathelo esilandelayo:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Ukube ubukade uvivinywa i-PSA esikhathini esedlule nokuthi malingakanani futhi lisheshe kangakanani izinga lakho le-PSA
• Uma kutholakala iqhubu le-prostate ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho
• Ezinye izimpawu ongase ube nazo
• Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza wesinye, njengobuhlanga nomlando womndeni

Abesilisa abasengozini enkulu bangadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuphinda ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-PSA, imvamisa ngesinye isikhathi ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ungathola ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwe-prostate kuqala.
• I-prostate biopsy izokwenziwa uma izinga lokuqala le-PSA liphakeme, noma uma izinga liqhubeka likhuphuka lapho i-PSA ilinganiswa futhi.
• Isivivinyo sokulandelela esibizwa nge-PSA yamahhala (fPSA). Lokhu kukala iphesenti le-PSA egazini lakho elingaboshelwe kwamanye amaprotheni. Izinga eliphansi lalesi sivivinyo, maningi amathuba okuthi umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa ubekhona.

Okunye ukuhlolwa kungenziwa. Indima ngqo yalezi zivivinyo ekuthathweni kwesinqumo ngokwelashwa ayicaci.

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo okubizwa nge-PCA-3.
• I-MRI ye-prostate ingasiza ukukhomba umdlavuza endaweni ye-prostate okunzima ukuyifinyelela ngesikhathi se-biopsy.

Uma welashelwe umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa, izinga le-PSA lingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini noma umdlavuza ubuyile. Imvamisa, izinga le-PSA liyakhuphuka ngaphambi kokuba kube nezimpawu. Lokhu kungenzeka izinyanga noma iminyaka ngaphambi kwalokho.

Kunengozi encane ethintekayo ekuthatheni igazi lakho. Imithambo nemithambo iyehluka ngobukhulu ukusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye, futhi kusukela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba kuye kolunye. Ukuthatha igazi kwabanye abantu kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwedlula kwabanye. Ezinye izingozi ezihambisana nokudonswa igazi zincane, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukubhoboza okuningi ukuthola imithambo
• Ukuquleka noma uzizwe unekhanda elincane
• I-hematoma (ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba)
• Ukutheleleka (ingozi encane noma kunini lapho isikhumba siphukile)

I-antigen eqondene ne-prostate; Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye; PSA

• I-prostate brachytherapy - ukukhipha

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

UMorgan TM, Palapattu GS, Partin AW, Wei JT. Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho. Ku: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, ama-eds. ICampbell-Walsh Urology. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 108.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-Prostate (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-screening-pdq#section/all. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 18, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 24, 2020.

Encane i-EJ. Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 191.

Umsebenzi Wokuvikela Wezinsizakalo Zase-US; IGrossman DC, uCurry SJ, et al. Ukuhlolisiswa umdlavuza wendlala yesinye: isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. I-2018; 319 (18): 1901-1913. I-PMID: 29801017 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29801017.