Induku yomthambo

Induku yegazi ukuqoqwa kwegazi elivela emthanjeni ukuze kuhlolwe elebhu.

Igazi livame ukukhishwa emthanjeni esihlakaleni. Kungadonswa futhi emthanjeni ongaphakathi endololwaneni, emgodini, noma kwenye indawo. Uma igazi likhishwa esihlakaleni, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvame ukuqala ahlole ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi igazi ligelezele esandleni lisuka emithanjeni eyinhloko engxenyeni engaphambili (imithambo ye-radial ne-ulnar).

Inqubo yenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Indawo ihlanzwa ngesinqanda magciwane.
• Kufakwa inaliti. Inani elincane lokubulala izinzwa lingajovwa noma lisetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe inaliti.
• Igazi ligelezela kwisirinji ekhethekile yokuqoqa.
• Inaliti iyasuswa ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwegazi elanele.
• Ingcindezi ifakwa endaweni yokubhoboza imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ukumisa ukopha. Isiza sizohlolwa ngalesi sikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kuyayeka.

Uma kulula ukuthola igazi endaweni eyodwa noma ohlangothini lomzimba wakho, vumela umuntu odonsa igazi lakho alazi ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlolwa.

Ukulungiselela kuyehluka ngokuhlolwa okuthile okwenziwe.

Ukubhoboza umthambo kungahle kungakhululeki ukwedlula ukubhoboza umthambo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithambo yegazi ijule kakhulu kunemithambo. Imithambo yegazi nayo inezindonga ezijiyile futhi inezinzwa eziningi.

Lapho inaliti ifakiwe, kungahle kube nokungaphatheki kahle noma ubuhlungu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungahle kube nokushaywa okuthile.

Igazi lihambisa umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba, imfucuza, nezinye izinto emzimbeni. Igazi lisiza nokulawula ukushisa komzimba, uketshezi, kanye nokulinganisela kwamakhemikhali.

Igazi lakhiwa yingxenye yoketshezi (i-plasma) nengxenye yeselula. I-Plasma iqukethe izinto ezincibilikiswe kuketshezi. Ingxenye yeselula yakhiwe ikakhulu ngamaseli abomvu egazi, kepha ibuye ifake namaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelets.

Ngoba igazi linemisebenzi eminingi, ukuhlolwa egazini noma ezingxenyeni zalo kunganikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile zokusiza abahlinzeki ukuthola izifo eziningi zezokwelapha.

Igazi elisemithanjeni yegazi (igazi le-arterial) lihlukile egazini elisemithanjeni (igazi le-venous) ikakhulukazi kokuqukethwe kwalo amagesi ancibilikile. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokuguqula igazi kubonisa ukwakheka kwegazi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwezicubu zomzimba.

Ububanzi bamanani ajwayelekile bungahluka kancane phakathi kwamalabhorethri ahlukene. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa.

Induku yegazi yenziwa ukuthola amasampula egazi emithanjeni yegazi. Amasampuli egazi athathwa ikakhulukazi ukukala amagesi emithanjeni yegazi. Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingakhomba ezinkingeni zokuphefumula noma ezinkingeni zomzimba. Kwesinye isikhathi izinduku zomthambo zenziwa ukuthola amasiko egazi noma amasampula egazi lamakhemikhali egazi.

Kunobungozi obuncane bokuthathwa kwegazi lakho. Imithambo nemithambo yegazi kuyahluka ngosayizi komunye umuntu kuya kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba kuya kolunye. Ukuthatha igazi kwabanye abantu kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwedlula kwabanye.

Ezinye izingozi ezihambisana nokudonswa igazi zincane kepha zingafaka:

• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukuquleka noma uzizwe unekhanda elincane
• I-hematoma (ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba)
• Ukubhoboza okuningi ukuthola imithambo
• Ukutheleleka (ingozi encane noma kunini lapho isikhumba siphukile)

Kukhona ingozi encane yokulimala kwezicubu eziseduze lapho kudonswa igazi. Igazi lingathathwa ezindaweni ezinobungozi obuncane, futhi amasu angasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukonakala kwezicubu.

Isampula yegazi - okuyi-arterial

• Isampula yegazi

Kulungiswa u-E, uKim HT. Ukubhoboza imithambo kanye ne-cannulation. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ama-eds. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo zikaRoberts noHedges ku-Emergency Medicine kanye ne-Acute Care. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 20.

USmith SF, uDuell DJ, uMartin BC, uGonzalez L, iqoqo le-Aebersold M. Specimen. Ku: Smith SF, uDuell DJ, Martin BC, Gonzalez L, Aebersold M, abahleli. Amakhono Wabahlengikazi Abasemtholampilo: Okuyisisekelo Kumakhono Athuthukile. Umhlaka 9. ENew York, NY: Pearson; 2016: isahluko 20.