Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezenziwe ukuhlola umbono wakho nempilo yamehlo akho.

Okokuqala, uzobuzwa ukuthi unezinkinga zamehlo noma zokubona yini. Uzocelwa ukuthi uchaze lezi zinkinga, ukuthi ube nazo isikhathi esingakanani, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezizenze zaba ngcono noma zambi kakhulu.

Kuzobuyekezwa nomlando wakho wezingilazi noma ama-contact lens. Udokotela wamehlo uzobuza ngempilo yakho isiyonke, kufaka phakathi noma imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho.

Okulandelayo, udokotela uzohlola umbono wakho (amandla okubuka) esebenzisa ishadi le-Snellen.

• Uzocelwa ukuthi ufunde izinhlamvu ezingahleliwe eziba umugqa omncane ngomugqa njengoba amehlo akho ehla eshadini. Amanye amashadi we-Snellen empeleni angabaqaphi bevidiyo abonisa izinhlamvu noma izithombe.
• Ukubona ukuthi ngabe udinga izingilazi, udokotela uzobeka amalensi amaningi phambi kweso lakho, eyodwa ngasikhathi, bese ekubuza ukuthi izinhlamvu eziseshadini leSnellen ziba lula ukuzibona nini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-refraction.

Ezinye izingxenye zokuhlolwa zifaka izivivinyo ku:

• Bona ukuthi unombono ofanele wezinhlangothi ezintathu (i-3D) (stereopsis).
• Hlola umbono wakho (ohlangothini).
• Hlola imisipha yamehlo ngokukucela ukuthi ubheke ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene kuphenyi noma enye into encane.
• Hlola abafundi ngophenyo ukuze ubone ukuthi baphendula kahle yini (ukukhanya).
• Imvamisa, uzonikezwa amaconsi wamehlo ukuze uvule (uvule) abafundi bakho. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi asebenzise into ebizwa nge-ophthalmoscope ukubuka izakhiwo ezingemuva kweso. Le ndawo ibizwa nge-fundus. Kubandakanya i-retina nemithambo yegazi eseduze kanye ne-optic nerve.

Enye into yokukhulisa, ebizwa nge-slit lamp, isetshenziselwa:

• Bheka izingxenye zangaphambili zeso (amajwabu amehlo, i-cornea, i-conjunctiva, i-sclera, ne-iris)
• Hlola ingcindezi eyandisiwe esweni (glaucoma) usebenzisa indlela ebizwa nge-tonometry

Ubumpumputhe bombala buhlolwa kusetshenziswa amakhadi anamachashazi anemibala akha izinombolo.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wamehlo (abanye bathatha iziguli ezihambayo). Gwema ubunzima beso ngosuku lokuhlolwa. Uma ugqoka izibuko noma oxhumana nabo, letha nabo. Ungadinga umuntu ozokushayela ekhaya uma udokotela esebenzisa amaconsi wamehlo ukukhulisa abafundi bakho.

Izivivinyo azibangeli buhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle.

Zonke izingane kufanele zibe nokuhlolwa kombono ehhovisi lodokotela bezingane noma lomndeni ngesikhathi lapho zifunda izinhlamvu zamagama, bese kuthi njalo ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-2. Ukuhlola kufanele kuqale ngokushesha uma kusolwa izinkinga zamehlo.

Phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-39:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi
• Abantu abadala abafaka ama-lens wokuxhumana badinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo minyaka yonke
• Izimpawu ezithile zamehlo noma ukuphazamiseka kungadinga izivivinyo ezivamile

Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 abangenazo izinto eziyingozi noma izimo zamehlo eziqhubekayo kufanele bahlolwe:

• Njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwengu-4 yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-54
• Njalo eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwengu-3 yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwengama-64
• Njalo eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwengu-2 yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu

Ngokuya ngezici zakho zobungozi zezifo zamehlo nezimpawu noma izifo zakho zamanje, udokotela wamehlo wakho angancoma ukuthi uvivinywe kaningi.

Izinkinga zamehlo nezokwelapha ezitholakala ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile zifaka:

• Ukufiphazwa kwelensi yeso (ukwelula amehlo)
• Isifo sikashukela
• I-Glaucoma
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukulahlekelwa kombono obukhali, ophakathi (ukwehla okuhlobene nobudala be-macular, noma i-ARMD)

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile ijwayelekile lapho udokotela wamehlo ethola ukuthi unayo:

• Umbono we-20/20 (ojwayelekile)
• Amandla okukhomba imibala ehlukene
• Inkambu yokubuka ephelele
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwemisipha efanele yeso
• Ukucindezela kwamehlo okujwayelekile
• Izakhiwo zeso ezijwayelekile (i-cornea, iris, lens)

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingabangelwa noma ikuphi kokulandelayo:

• I-ARMD
• I-Astigmatism (i-cornea egobile ngokungajwayelekile)
• Isibambo sezinyembezi esivinjiwe
• Isifo senkwethu
• Umbala wobumpumputhe
• I-corneal dystrophy
• Izilonda ze-Corneal, izifo, noma ukulimala
• Izinzwa ezilimele noma imithambo yegazi esweni
• Umonakalo ohlobene nesifo sikashukela esweni (i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela)
• Hyperopia (ukubona kude)
• I-Glaucoma
• Ukulimala kweso
• Iso elinobuvila (amblyopia)
• I-Myopia (ukubona eduze)
• I-Presbyopia (ukungakwazi ukugxila ezintweni eziseduze ezikhula ngobudala)
• I-Strabismus (amehlo awele)
• Izinyembezi noma i-detinalment

Lolu hlu kungenzeka lungabandakanyi zonke izimbangela zemiphumela engajwayelekile.

Uma uthola amaconsi ukuze uvule amehlo akho nge-ophthalmoscopy, umbono wakho uzofiphala.

• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ukuvikela amehlo akho elangeni, okungalimaza kakhulu amehlo akho lapho evulekile.
• Yiba nomuntu okushayela ekhaya.
• Amaconsi avame ukuphela emahoreni amaningana.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ama-eyedrops ahlukanisayo abangela:

• Ukuhlaselwa kwe-glaucoma enezingqimba ezincane
• Isiyezi
• Ukoma komlomo
• Ukuqhuma
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-ophthalmic; Ukuhlolwa kweso njalo; Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo - okujwayelekile; Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo minyaka yonke

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo

I-Ball JW, i-Dains JE, i-Flynn JA, i-Solomon BS, i-Stewart RW. Amehlo. Ku: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, ama-eds. Umhlahlandlela kaSeidel Wokuhlolwa Komzimba. Umhlaka 8. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2015: isahluko 11.

UFeder RS, u-Olsen TW, uPrum BE Jr, et al. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwabantu abadala okuphelele okuncomekayo imihlahlandlela yephethini yokwenza. I-Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. I-PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

I-Prokopich CL, Hrynchak P, Elliott DB, Flanagan JG. Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwe-Ocular. Ku: Elliott DB, ed. Izinqubo Zomtholampilo Ekunakekelweni Kwamehlo Okuyinhloko. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 7.