Isifuba CT

Ukuskena kwesifuba i-CT (computed tomography) kuyindlela yokucabanga esebenzisa ama-x-ray ukwenza izithombe ezinqamulelayo zesifuba nesisu esingenhla.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Cishe uzocelwa ukuthi ushintshe ube yingubo yasesibhedlela.
• Ulele etafuleni elincane elishelela maphakathi nesithwebuli. Uma usungaphakathi kwesithwebuli, ugongolo lomshini lwe-x-ray luzungeza eduze kwakho.
• Kufanele uthule ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ngoba ukunyakaza kubangela izithombe ezifiphalisiwe. Ungatshelwa ukuthi ubambe umoya wakho isikhathi esifushane.

Ukuskena okuphelele kuthatha imizuzwana engama-30 ukuya emizuzwini embalwa.

Okunye ukuskena kwe-CT kudinga udayi okhethekile, obizwa ngokuqhathanisa, ukulethwa emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Umehluko uqokomisa izindawo ezithile ngaphakathi komzimba futhi wakhe isithombe esicacile. Uma umhlinzeki wakho ecela ukuskena i-CT ngokungafani okufaka emthanjeni, uzokunikezwa ngomthambo (IV) engalweni noma esandleni sakho. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukala ukusebenza kwezinso zakho kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinso zakho ziphilile ngokwanele ukuhlunga umehluko.

Unganikezwa umuthi ozokusiza uphumule ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Abanye abantu banokungezwani komzimba nokuqhathanisa kwe-IV futhi kungadingeka ukuthi bathathe umuthi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwabo ukuthola le nto ngokuphepha.

Uma kusetshenziswa umehluko, ungacelwa futhi ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze noma yini amahora amane kuya kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Uma unesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-135 (135 kilograms), cela umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo axhumane no-opharetha wesithwebuli ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Izikena ze-CT zinomkhawulo wesisindo esiphezulu wamakhilogremu angama-300 kuye kwangama-400 (amakhilogremu ayi-100 kuye kwangama-200). Ama-scanner amasha angathatha amakhilogremu afinyelela kuma-600 (270 kilograms). Ngoba kunzima ukuthi ama-x-ray adlule ngensimbi, uzocelwa ukuthi ususe ubucwebe.

Abanye abantu bangase bangakhululeki ngokulala etafuleni eliqinile.

Umehluko onikezwe nge-IV ungadala ukuzwa okushisayo okuncane, ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni, nokushiswa komzimba okufudumele. Le mizwa ijwayelekile futhi imane ihambe ngemizuzwana embalwa.

Asikho isikhathi sokululama, ngaphandle kokuthi unikwe umuthi wokuphumula. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-CT, ungabuyela ekudleni kwakho okuvamile, emsebenzini, nasemithini.

I-CT ngokushesha idala izithombe ezinemininingwane zomzimba. Ukuhlolwa kungasetshenziselwa ukuthola ukubuka okungcono kwezakhiwo ngaphakathi kwesifuba. I-CT scan ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokubheka izicubu ezithambile njengenhliziyo namaphaphu.

I-CT yesifuba ingenziwa:

• Ngemuva kokulimala kwesifuba
• Lapho kusolwa isimila noma isisindo (iqoqo lamaseli), kufaka phakathi isidumbu samaphaphu esizimele esibonwa esifubeni x-ray
• Ukunquma ubukhulu, ukuma, nokuma kwezitho esifubeni nasesiswini esingaphezulu
• Ukubheka ukuqoqwa kwegazi noma uketshezi emaphashini noma kwezinye izindawo
• Ukubheka ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala esifubeni
• Ukubheka amahlule egazi emaphashini
• Ukubheka isibazi emaphashini
  

I-Thoracic CT ingakhombisa ukuphazamiseka okuningi kwenhliziyo, amaphaphu, i-mediastinum, noma indawo yesifuba, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukudabuka odongeni, ukunwetshwa okungajwayelekile noma ukubhaliswa kwebhaluni, noma ukuncipha komthambo omkhulu okhipha igazi enhliziyweni (aorta)
• Olunye ushintsho olungajwayelekile lwemithambo yegazi emaphashini noma esifubeni
• Ukwakheka kwegazi noma uketshezi oluzungeze inhliziyo
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma umdlavuza osabalalele emaphashini usuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni
• Ukuqoqwa koketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu (i-pleural effusion)
• Ukulimala nokwandiswa kwemigwaqo yomoya emikhulu yamaphaphu (bronchiectasis)
• Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu lapho izicubu zamaphaphu zivutha khona bese zilimala.
• Inyumoniya
• Umdlavuza we-Esophageal
• I-Lymphoma esifubeni
• Izimila, amaqhuqhuva, noma ama-cysts esifubeni

Izikena ze-CT namanye ama-x-ray aqashwe ngeso lokhozi futhi alawulwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zisebenzisa inani elincane lemisebe. Izikena ze-CT zisebenzisa amazinga aphansi emisebe ye-ionizing, enamandla okudala umdlavuza nokunye ukukhubazeka. Noma kunjalo, ingozi evela kunoma yikuphi ukuskena okukodwa incane. Ingozi iyakhula njengoba kwenziwa ezinye izifundo eziningi.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungafani olunikezwe emthanjeni luqukethe iodine. Uma umuntu one-iodine yokungezwani komzimba anikezwa lolu hlobo lokuqhathanisa, isicanucanu, ukuthimula, ukuhlanza, ukulunywa, noma isifuba kungenzeka. Ezimweni ezingavamile, idayi ingadala impendulo esongela impilo yokungezwani komzimba ebizwa nge-anaphylaxis. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kufanele wazise opharetha besithwebuli ngokushesha. Ama-scanner eza ne-intercom nezipikha, ngakho-ke opharetha angakuzwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso, idayi ingaba nemiphumela emibi ezinsweni. Kulezi zimo, kungathathwa izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokwenza udayi wokuqhathanisa uphephe ukusebenzisa.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kusengenziwa uma izinzuzo zidlula kakhulu izingozi. Isibonelo, kungaba yingozi enkulu ukungabi nokuhlolwa uma umhlinzeki wakho ecabanga ukuthi ungaba nomdlavuza.

I-Thoracic CT; I-CT scan - amaphaphu; I-CT scan - isifuba

• Iskena se-CT
• Umdlavuza wegilo - CT scan
• Isigaxa sepulmonary, sisodwa - i-CT scan
• Isisindo samaphaphu, i-lobe engenhla kwesokudla - i-CT scan
• Umdlavuza we-Bronchial - CT scan
• Isisindo semiphunga, iphaphu langakwesokudla - i-CT scan
• I-Lung nodule, i-lung scan engezansi kwesokudla - i-CT scan
• Amaphaphu ngomdlavuza weseli squamous - CT scan
• I-Vertebra, i-thoracic (emuva emuva)
• I-anatomy ejwayelekile yamaphaphu
• Izitho zomzimba

UNair A, uBarnett JL, uSemple TR. Isimo samanje sokucabanga kwe-thoracic. Ku: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, ama-eds. I-Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 1.

UShaqdan KW, Otrakji A, uSahani D. Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwemidiya ehlukile. Ku: Abujudeh HH, Bruno MA, abahleli. Amakhono Okungahumusheki We-Radiology: Izidingo. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 20.