Ukuhlolwa kwePap

I-Pap test ihlola umdlavuza wesibeletho. Amaseli aqothulwe lapho kuvulwa umlomo wesibeletho ayahlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Umlomo wesibeletho yingxenye engezansi yesibeletho (isibeletho) evuleka ngaphezulu kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa nge-Pap smear.

Ulala phezu kwetafula bese ubeka izinyawo zakho ezinyakazweni. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ubeka kahle insimbi ebizwa nge-speculum esithweni sangasese ukuyivula kancane. Lokhu kuvumela umhlinzeki ukuthi abone ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nomlomo wesibeletho.

Amaseli asuswe ngobumnene kusuka endaweni yomlomo wesibeletho. Isampula lamaseli lithunyelwa ebhodini ukuze lihlolwe.

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo. Amanye amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha aqukethe i-estrogen noma i-progestin angathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Tshela nomhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ngibe nokuhlolwa okungajwayelekile kwePap
• Kungenzeka ukhulelwe

UNGENZI okulandelayo amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa:

• I-Douche (douching akufanele yenziwe)
• Yiba nobulili
• Sebenzisa amathamponi

Zama ukuthi ungahleleli ukuhlolwa kwakho kwePap ngenkathi usesikhathini (usesikhathini). Igazi lingenza imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwePap inembe kancane. Uma wopha ngokungalindelekile, musa ukukhansela ukuhlolwa kwakho. Umhlinzeki wakho uzonquma ukuthi ngabe ukuhlolwa kwePap kusengenziwa yini.

Thulula isinye sakho ngaphambi nje kokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kubangela ukungakhululeki okuncane kwabesifazane abaningi. Kungadala ukungaphatheki kahle okuthile, okufana nokuqaqamba kokuya esikhathini. Ungase uzwe nengcindezi ethile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Ungopha kancane ngemuva kokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwePap kungukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho. Iningi lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungatholakala kusenesikhathi uma owesifazane enza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwePap.

Ukuhlola kufanele kuqale eneminyaka engama-21.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala:

• Kufanele uhlolwe iPap njalo eminyakeni emithathu ukuhlola umdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Uma ungaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-30 futhi une-HPV eyenziwe, futhi kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ne-HPV kuvamile, ungahlolwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. I-HPV (human papillomavirus) igciwane elibanga izinsumpa zangasese nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
• Iningi labesifazane lingayeka ukuhlolwa kwePap ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-65 kuya kwengama-70 inqobo nje uma beye banezivivinyo ezintathu ezingezinhle eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.

Ngeke kudingeke ukuthi uhlolwe i-Pap uma ngabe ususwe i-hysterectomy (isibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho) futhi awukaze uhlolwe ngokungajwayelekile nge-Pap, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, noma omunye umdlavuza we-pelvic. Xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho.

Umphumela ojwayelekile usho ukuthi awekho amaseli angajwayelekile akhona. Ukuhlolwa kwePap akunembile ngo-100%. Umdlavuza wesibeletho ungaphuthelwa ezimeni ezimbalwa. Isikhathi esiningi, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ukhula kancane, futhi ukuhlolwa kwePap okulandelayo kufanele kuthole ushintsho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Imiphumela engajwayelekile iqoqwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:

I-ASCUS noma i-AGUS:

• Lo mphumela usho ukuthi kunamaseli we-atypical, kepha akuqinisekile noma akucaci ukuthi lezi zinguquko zisho ukuthini.
• Izinguquko zingabangelwa i-HPV.
• Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwembangela engaziwa.
• Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-estrogen njengoba kwenzeka ekunqamukeni kokuya esikhathini.
  
• Kungase futhi kusho ukuthi kunezinguquko ezingadala umdlavuza.
• Lawa maseli angahle abe nesibindi futhi angavela ngaphandle komlomo wesibeletho noma ngaphakathi kwesibeletho.

I-DYSPLASIA EPHANSI (GRSE) (LSIL) NOMA I-DYSPLASIA EPHAKAMILE (IBHASI):

• Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinguquko ezingadala umdlavuza.
• Ingozi yokwanda komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho inkulu nge-HSIL.

ICARCINOMA ESITU (CIS):

• Lo mphumela uvame ukusho ukuthi ushintsho olungajwayelekile lungaholela kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uma lungelashwa

AMANGQAMUZANA AJWAYELANA NGOKWENZEKAYO (ASC):

• Kutholakale izinguquko ezingajwayelekile futhi ezingahle zibe yi-HSIL

AMANGQAMUZANA E-GLANDULAR GALULUL (ATC)

• Izinguquko zeseli ezingaholela kumdlavuza zibonakala engxenyeni engenhla yomsele wesibeletho noma ngaphakathi kwesibeletho.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwePap kukhombisa ushintsho olungajwayelekile, kudingeka ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa noma ukulandelelwa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sincike emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwePap, umlando wakho wangaphambilini wokuhlolwa kwePap, nezici zobungozi ongaba nazo ngomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ngokushintshwa okuncane kwamaseli, abahlinzeki bazoncoma olunye uvivinyo lwe-Pap noma baphinde ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-12.

Ukuhlolwa kokulandelwa noma ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• I-biopsy eqondiswe ku-Colposcopy - IColposcopy inqubo lapho umlomo wesibeletho ukhuliswa khona ngethuluzi elinjenge-binocular elibizwa nge-colposcope. Ama-biopsies amancane avame ukutholakala ngale nqubo ukuthola ukuthi inkinga ingakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV ukuhlola ubukhona bezinhlobo zegciwane le-HPV ezingadala umdlavuza.
• Umlomo wesibeletho.
• Isigaxa se-biopsy.

Ukuhlolwa kwePapanicolaou; I-Pap smear; Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho - Ukuhlolwa kwePap; I-neoplasia yomlomo wesibeletho ye-intraepithelial - Pap; I-CIN - iPap; Izinguquko ezibangelwa umdlavuza wesibeletho - iPap; Umdlavuza wesibeletho - iPap; Isilonda se-squamous intraepithelial lesion - iPap; LSIL - Pap; HSIL - Pap; I-Pap ebangeni eliphansi; I-Pap ebangeni eliphakeme; ICarcinoma in situ - Pap; I-CIS - Pap; I-ASCUS - iPap; Amaseli we-Atypical glandular - iPap; I-AGUS - Pap; Amaseli we-atypical squamous - Pap; I-HPV - Pap; Igciwane le-papilloma lomuntu - Umlomo wesibeletho wePap - iPap; IColposcopy - Pap

• I-anatomy yokuzala yabesifazane
• I-Pap smear
• Isibeletho
• Ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho

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I-American College of Obstetricians kanye neGynecologists. Zijwayeze i-bulletin no. 157: ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho nokuvimbela. Isikhubekiso seGynecol. 2016; 127 (1): e1-e20. I-PMID: 26695583 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26695583/.

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INewkirk GR. I-Pap smear namasu ahlobene nokuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ku: Fowler GC, ed. Izinqubo zikaPfenninger noFowler zokuNakekela okuyisisekelo. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 120.

USalcedo MP, Baker ES, Schmeler KM. I-neoplasia ye-Intraepithelial yomgudu ophansi wobulili (umlomo wesibeletho, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, isitho sangasese): i-etiology, ukuhlolwa, ukuxilongwa, ukuphathwa. Ku: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, eds. I-Gynecology ephelele. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 28.

USaslow D, uSolomon D, uLawson HW, et al. I-American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, kanye neAmerican Society for Clinical Pathology imihlahlandlela yokuhlola ukuvimbela nokutholakala kokuqala komdlavuza wesibeletho. I-CA Cancer J Clin. 2012; 62 (3): 147-172. I-PMID: 22422631 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22422631.

Iwebhusayithi ye-US Preventive Services Task Force. Isitatimende sokugcina sezincomo. Umdlavuza wesibeletho: ukuhlolwa. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 21, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 22, 2020.