Kushe

Ukusha kuvame ukwenzeka ngokuxhumana okuqondile noma okungaqondile nokushisa, amandla kagesi, imisebe, noma ama-ejenti amakhemikhali. Ukushisa kungaholela ekufeni kweseli, okungadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela futhi kungabulala.

Kunamazinga amathathu okusha:

• Ukusha kwezinga lokuqala kuthinta kuphela ungqimba olungaphandle lwesikhumba. Zibangela ubuhlungu, ukuba bomvu nokuvuvukala.
• Ukusha kwezinga lesibili kuthinta ungqimba lwesikhumba olungaphandle nolungaphansi. Zibangela ubuhlungu, ububomvu, ukuvuvukala namabhamuza. Zibizwa nangokuthi ukushuba okuyingxenye yokushiswa.
• Ukusha kwezinga lesithathu kuthinta izingqimba ezijulile zesikhumba. Babizwa nangokuthi ukushuba okugcwele. Babangela isikhumba esimhlophe noma esimnyama, esishisiwe. Isikhumba singaba ndikindiki.

Ukushiswa kwehlela emaqenjini amabili.

Ukusha okuncane yilezi:

• I-degree yokuqala isha noma ikuphi emzimbeni
• Izinga lesibili lishisa ngaphansi kwamasentimitha amabili kuya kwamathathu (5 kuye 7.5 amasentimitha) ububanzi

Ukusha okukhulu kufaka:

• Ukusha kwezinga lesithathu
• Izinga lesibili lishisa ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-2 kuye kwayi-3 (5 kuye 7.5 amasentimitha) ububanzi
• Ukusha kwezinga lesibili ezandleni, ezinyaweni, ebusweni, emgodini, ezinqeni, noma ngaphezulu kwejoyinti elikhulu

Ungaba nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokusha ngasikhathi.

Ukusha okukhulu kudinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kungasiza ukuvimbela izibazi, ukukhubazeka, nokukhubazeka.

Ukusha ebusweni, ezandleni, ezinyaweni nasezitho zangasese kungaba kubi kakhulu.

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60 banethuba eliphakeme lezinkinga nokufa ngenxa yokusha okukhulu ngoba isikhumba sabo siba sincane kunamanye amaqembu eminyaka.

Izimbangela zokusha kusuka kokuningi kuya kokuncane kakhulu yilezi:

• Umlilo / ilangabi
• Scalding kusuka umusi noma iziphuzo ezishisayo
• Ukuthinta izinto ezishisayo
• Ukusha kukagesi
• Ukusha kwamakhemikhali

Ukushiswa kungaba umphumela wokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Imililo yezindlu neyezimboni
• Izingozi zezimoto
• Ukudlala ngomentshisi
• Izifudumezi zesikhala esingalungile, iziko lokushisa noma imishini yezimboni
• Ukusetshenziswa okungaphephile kweziqhumane nezinye iziqhumane
• Izingozi zasekhishini, ezifana nengane ebamba insimbi eshisayo noma ethinta isitofu noma uhhavini

Ungashisa nemigwaqo yakho yomoya uma uphefumula intuthu, umusi, umoya oshisa kakhulu, noma intuthu yamakhemikhali ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya.

Izimpawu zokushisa zingabandakanya:

• Amabhamuza aqinile (awaphukile) noma aqhumile futhi avuza uketshezi.
• Ubuhlungu - Ubuhlungu obungakanani onabo abuhlobene nezinga lokusha. Ukusha okukhulu kakhulu kungabi buhlungu.
• Ukuxebuka isikhumba.
• Ukushaqeka - Bukela isikhumba esiphaphathekile kanye nesiklama, ubuthakathaka, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinzipho, nokwehla kokuqapha
• Ukuvuvukala.
• Isikhumba esibomvu, esimhlophe noma esishisiwe.

Ungasha ngomgwaqo uma une:

• Kushe ekhanda, ebusweni, entanyeni, emashiya, noma emakhaleni
• Izindebe nomlomo oshile
• Ukukhwehlela
• Kunzima ukuphefumula
• Amafinyila amnyama, amnyama
• Izinguquko zezwi
• Ukuqhuma

Ngaphambi kokunikeza usizo lokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lokusha umuntu analo. Uma ungaqiniseki, phatha njengokusha okukhulu. Ukusha okungathi sína kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo zisuka nje. Shayela inombolo yakho yendawo ephuthumayo noma u-911.

UKUVUTHA OKUNCANE

Uma isikhumba singaphuli:

• Gijimisa amanzi apholile endaweni yokusha noma uyicwilise kubhavu wamanzi opholile (hhayi amanzi e-ice). Gcina indawo ngaphansi kwamanzi okungenani imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwengu-30. Ithawula elihlanzekile, elibandayo, elimanzi lizosiza ukunciphisa izinhlungu.
• Hlisa umoya futhi umqinisekise lowo muntu.
• Ngemuva kokufutha noma ukucwilisa ukusha, yimboze ngebhandishi elomile, eliyinyumba noma ngokugqoka okuhlanzekile.
• Vikela ukusha ekucindezelekeni nasekuxabaneni.
• I-counter-the-counter ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen ingasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala. UNGANIKI i-aspirin ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12.
• Lapho isikhumba sesipholile, umuthi wokuthambisa oqukethe i-aloe kanye ne-antibiotic nawo ungasiza.

Ukusha okuncane kuvame ukuphola ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi umuntu usesikhathini ekugonyweni kwakhe ngqi.

UKUVUTHA OKUKHULU

Uma othile evutha amalangabi, tshela lowo muntu ukuthi ame, awe bese ezigingqa. Ngemuva kwalokho, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Msongele umuntu ngento ejiyile; njengejazi loboya noma lekotini, irayi, noma ingubo. Lokhu kusiza ukucisha amalangabi.
• Thela amanzi kumuntu.
• Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni.
• Qiniseka ukuthi lo muntu akasathinti noma yiziphi izinto ezivuthayo noma zokubhema.
• UNGASUSHI izingubo ezishile ezinamathele esikhunjeni.
• Qiniseka ukuthi umuntu uyaphefumula. Uma kunesidingo, qala ukutakula ukuphefumula kanye ne-CPR.
• Vala indawo eshisiwe ngebhandishi eliyinyumba elomile (uma likhona) noma ngendwangu ehlanzekile. Ishidi lizokwenza uma indawo eshisiwe inkulu. UNGAYisebenzisi noma imaphi amafutha okugcoba. Gwema ukwephula amabhamuza okusha.
• Uma kushe iminwe noma izinzwane, hlukanisa ngamabhandeshi awomile, angenabungozi, angenazinduku.
• Phakamisa isitho somzimba esishisiwe ngaphezu kwezinga lenhliziyo.
• Vikela indawo eshisiwe ekucindezelekeni nasekuxabaneni.
• Uma ukulimala kukagesi kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukusha, UNGASITHINTI isisulu ngqo. Sebenzisa into engeyona eyensimbi ukwehlukanisa umuntu nezintambo eziveziwe ngaphambi kokuqala usizo lokuqala.

Uzodinga futhi ukuvimbela ukushaqeka. Uma umuntu engenakho ukulimala ekhanda, entanyeni, emuva, noma emlenzeni, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Beka umuntu phansi
• Phakamisa izinyawo cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-12 (30 centimeters)
• Mboza umuntu ngejazi noma ngengubo

Qhubeka nokuqapha ukushaya komuntu, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi kuze kufike usizo lwezokwelapha.

Izinto okungafanele zenzelwe ukusha zifaka:

• UNGAYIFAKI uwoyela, ibhotela, iqhwa, imithi, ukhilimu, isifutho sikawoyela, noma yiliphi ikhambi lasekhaya lokusha okukhulu.
• UNGAPHhefumuli, ushaye noma ukhwehlele lapho kusha.
• Ungaphazamisi isikhumba esinamabala noma esifile.
• UNGASUSI izingubo ezinamathele esikhunjeni.
• Ungamniki lutho umuntu ngomlomo uma kukhona ukusha okukhulu.
• UNGABASI kanzima emanzini abandayo. Lokhu kungadala ukushaqeka.
• UNGABEKI umqamelo ngaphansi kwekhanda lomuntu uma kukhona ukusha kwomoya. Lokhu kungavala imigwaqo yomoya.

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo uma:

• Ukusha kukhulu kakhulu, kucishe kulingane nentende yesandla sakho noma kukhudlwana.
• Ukusha kunzima (degree yesithathu).
• Awuqinisekile ukuthi kubucayi kangakanani.
• Ukusha kudalwa amakhemikhali noma ugesi.
• Umuntu ukhombisa izimpawu zokwethuka.
• Umuntu waphefumula intuthu.
• Ukuhlukumeza ngokomzimba kuyimbangela yokusha noma okwaziwayo.
• Kunezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nokusha.

Ngokusha okuncane, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma usenobuhlungu ngemuva kwamahora angama-48.

Shayela umhlinzeki ngokushesha uma kuvela izimpawu zokutheleleka. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ukugeleza kwamanzi noma ubomvu esikhunjeni esishisiwe
• Imfiva
• Ukwanda kobuhlungu
• Izintambo ezibomvu ezisakazeka kusukela ekushisweni
• Ama-lymph node avuvukile

Phinda ushayele umhlinzeki ngaso leso sikhathi uma izimpawu zokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni zivele ngokusha:

• Ukwehlisa ukuchama
• Isiyezi
• Isikhumba esomile
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubumhlophe
• I-nausea (noma ngaphandle kokuhlanza)
• Omile

Izingane, abantu abadala, nanoma ngubani onamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka (ngokwesibonelo, ophuma kwi-HIV) kufanele abonwe ngokushesha.

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza umlando nokuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa nezinqubo kuzokwenziwa lapho kudingeka.

Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuxhaswa komoya nokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi imaski yobuso, ishubhu emlonyeni ukuya ku-trachea, noma umshini wokuphefumula (i-ventilator) yokusha okukhulu noma okubandakanya ubuso noma umoya
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo uma kukhona ukushaqeka noma ezinye izinkinga
• I-x-ray yesifuba yobuso noma yomoya iyasha
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelela inhliziyo), uma ukushaqeka noma ezinye izinkinga zikhona
• Uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi (uketshezi ngomthambo), uma kukhona ukushaqeka noma ezinye izinkinga
• Imithi yokudambisa izinhlungu nokuvikela ukutheleleka
• Amafutha noma okhilimu abafakwa ezindaweni ezishisiwe
• Ukugonyelwa ngqi, uma kungenzeki kuze kube manje

Umphumela uzoncika ohlotsheni (degree), kububanzi, nasendaweni yokusha. Kuya futhi ngokuthi ngabe izitho zangaphakathi zithintekile yini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona okunye ukuhlukumezeka okwenzekile. Ukushisa kungashiya izibazi zaphakade. Zingazwela kakhulu ekushiseni nasekukhanyeni kunesikhumba esijwayelekile. Izindawo ezizwelayo, ezinjengamehlo, ikhala, noma izindlebe, zingalimala kabi futhi zilahlekelwe umsebenzi ojwayelekile.

Ngokusha komoya, umuntu angaba namandla amancane okuphefumula kanye nomonakalo wamaphaphu unomphela. Ukusha okunamandla okuthinta amalunga kungaholela ezinkontilekeni, kushiye ukuhlangana ngokuncipha kokunyakaza nokwehla kokusebenza.

Ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusha:

• Faka ama-alamu entuthu ekhaya lakho. Hlola futhi ushintshe amabhethri njalo.
• Fundisa izingane ngokuphepha komlilo nangengozi yementshisi neziqhumane.
• Gcina izingane zingagibeli phezu kwesitofu noma zibambe izinto ezishisayo njengezinsimbi neminyango ye-oveni.
• Jika izibambo zamabhodwe ngemuva kwesitofu ukuze izingane zingakwazi ukusibamba futhi zingashayi ngengozi.
• Beka izicishamlilo ezindaweni ezibalulekile ekhaya, emsebenzini, nasesikoleni.
• Susa izintambo zikagesi phansi bese uzigcina zingafinyeleleki.
• Yazi futhi usebenzise imizila yokuphunyuka emlilweni ekhaya, emsebenzini, nasesikoleni.
• Setha izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-120 ° F (48.8 ° C) noma ngaphansi.

Ukusha kwezinga lokuqala; Ukushisa kwesibili degree; Ukusha kwezinga lesithathu

• Kushe
• Burn, ibhamuza - close-up
• Ukushisa, ukushisa - ukuvala
• Ukusha komoya
• Isikhumba
• Ukushisa kokuqala
• Ukushisa kwesibili degree
• Ukusha kwezinga lesithathu
• Ukusha okuncane - usizo lokuqala - uchungechunge

UChristiani DC. Ukulimala komzimba namakhemikhali emaphashini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 94.

Umculi u-AJ, u-Lee CC. Ukushisa okushisayo. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 56.

I-Voigt CD, uCelis M, uVoigt DW. Ukunakekelwa kokusha kweziguli. Ku: Herndon DN, ed. Ukunakekelwa Okuphelele Okushisiwe. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 6.