Izinguquko zokuguga ezinzwa

Njengoba ukhula, indlela izinzwa zakho (ukuzwa, ukubona, ukunambitha, ukuhogela, ukuthinta) zikunikeza imininingwane ngezinguquko zomhlaba. Izinzwa zakho azibukhali kangako, futhi lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngawe ukubona imininingwane.

Izinguquko ezibucayi zingathinta indlela ophila ngayo. Ungaba nezinkinga zokuxhumana, ukujabulela imisebenzi, nokuhlala uzibandakanya nabantu. Izinguquko ezibucayi zingaholela ekuhlukanisweni.

Izinzwa zakho zithola ulwazi kusuka endaweni okuyo. Lolu lwazi lungaba ngesimo somsindo, ukukhanya, iphunga, ukuthanda, nokuthinta. Ulwazi lwezinzwa luguqulwa lube amasignali ezinzwa athwalwa aya ebuchosheni. Lapho, amasiginali aguqulwa aba yimizwa ezuzisayo.

Inani elithile lokukhuthaza liyadingeka ngaphambi kokuthi wazi umuzwa. Leli banga elincane lokuzwa libizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo. Ukuguga kuphakamisa lo mkhawulo. Udinga ukukhuthazwa okwengeziwe ukuze wazi ukuzwa.

Ukuguga kungathinta zonke izinzwa, kepha imvamisa ukuzwa nokubona kuthinteka kakhulu. Amadivayisi afana nezibuko nezinsizakuzwa, noma ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila kungenza ngcono ikhono lakho lokuzwa nokubona.

UKUZWA

Izindlebe zakho zinemisebenzi emibili. Omunye uzwa kanti omunye ugcina ukulinganisela. Ukuzwa kwenzeka ngemuva kokudlidliza kwemisindo kunqamule indlebe kuye endlebeni yangaphakathi. Ukudlidlizelwa kuguqulwa kube yizimpawu zemizwa endlebeni yangaphakathi futhi kuyiswa ebuchosheni yizwi lokuzwa.

Ibhalansi (ukulingana) ilawulwa endlebeni yangaphakathi. Izinwele eziwuketshezi nezincane endlebeni yangaphakathi zivusa imizwa yokuzwa. Lokhu kusiza ubuchopho ukugcina ibhalansi.

Njengoba ukhula, izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwendlebe ziqala ukushintsha nemisebenzi yazo iyehla. Amandla akho okuqoqa imisindo ayancipha. Ungaba nezinkinga zokugcina ibhalansi yakho njengoba uhleli, ume, futhi uhamba.

Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuhlobene nobudala kubizwa ngokuthi i- presbycusis. Kuthinta zombili izindlebe. Ukuzwa, imvamisa amandla okuzwa imisindvo yemvamisa ephezulu, kungahle kwehle. Ungaba nenkinga yokutshela umehluko phakathi kwemisindo ethile. Noma, ungaba nezinkinga zokuzwa ingxoxo uma kunomsindo wangemuva. Uma unenkinga yokuzwa, xoxa ngezimpawu zakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Enye indlela yokuphatha ukulahleka kwezindlebe ngokufakwa izinsiza-kuzwa.

Ukuphikelela, umsindo wezindlebe ongajwayelekile (i-tinnitus) kungenye inkinga ejwayelekile kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Izimbangela ze-tinnitus zingafaka i-wax buildup, imithi elimaza izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwendlebe noma ukulahleka kokuzwa okuncane. Uma une-tinnitus, cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi asiphathe kanjani lesi simo.

I-wax yendlebe ethintekile nayo ingadala ukuzwa kokunenkinga futhi ijwayelekile ngeminyaka. Umhlinzeki wakho angasusa i-wax yendlebe ethintekile.

UMBONO

Umbono wenzeka lapho ukukhanya kucutshungulwa iso lakho futhi kutolikwa ngengqondo yakho. Ukukhanya kudlula ngamehlo esobala (i-cornea). Iyaqhubeka ngomfundi, ukuvuleka kuye ngaphakathi esweni. Umfundi uba mkhulu noma omncane ukulawula inani lokukhanya elingena esweni. Ingxenye enemibala yeso ibizwa ngokuthi iris. Kuyisicubu esilawula usayizi womfundi. Ngemuva kokuthi ukukhanya kudlule kumfundi wakho, kufinyelela kwilensi. Ilensi igxila ekukhanyeni ku-retina yakho (ngemuva kweso). I-retina iguqula amandla alula abe yisiginali yezinzwa leyo mithambo yokukhanya eletha ebuchosheni, lapho ihunyushwa khona.

Zonke izakhiwo zamehlo ziyashintsha ngokuguga. I-cornea iba nokuzwela kancane, ngakho-ke ungahle ungaboni ukulimala kwamehlo. Lapho uhlanganisa iminyaka engama-60 ubudala, abafundi bakho bangehla baye cishe kokuthathu kobukhulu ababeyikho lapho wawuneminyaka engu-20. Abafundi bangasabela kancane uma bephendula ubumnyama noma ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ilensi iba phuzi, iguquguquke kancane, futhi ibe namafu kancane. Amapayipi anonile asekela amehlo ancipha futhi namehlo acwila ezisekelweni zawo. Imisipha yamehlo ayikwazi ukujikeleza ngokuphelele iso.

Njengoba ukhula, ubukhali bokubona kwakho (amandla okubuka) kuyehla kancane kancane. Inkinga ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ubunzima bokugxila amehlo ezintweni eziseduze. Lesi simo sibizwa nge- presbyopia. Ukufunda izingilazi, izingilazi zombili, noma amalensi wokuxhumana kungasiza ukulungisa i-presbyopia.

Ungahle ungakwazi ukubekezelela ukukhanya. Isibonelo, ukukhanya okuvela phansi okucwebezelayo egumbini elikhanyiswe yilanga kungenza kube nzima ukuzungeza endlini. Ungaba nenkinga yokuzivumelanisa nobumnyama noma ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Izinkinga ngokukhanya, ukukhanya nobumnyama kungakwenza uyeke ukushayela ebusuku.

Njengoba ukhula, kuba nzima ukutshela ama-blues kusuka emifino kunokuba utshele ama-reds aphuzi. Sebenzisa imibala efudumele ehlukile (ophuzi, owolintshi, nobomvu) ekhaya lakho kungathuthukisa ikhono lakho lokubona. Ukugcina ilambu elibomvu likhanya emakamelweni amnyama, njengephaseji noma indlu yangasese, kwenza kube lula ukubona kunokusebenzisa isibani sasebusuku esijwayelekile.

Ngokuguga, into efana ne-gel (vitreous) ngaphakathi kweso lakho iqala ukuncipha. Lokhu kungadala izinhlayiya ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-floaters emkhakheni wakho wokubona. Ezimweni eziningi, amaflaya awanciphisi umbono wakho. Kepha uma uba nezintantathu ngokuzumayo noma ukwanda ngokushesha kwenani lamafulethi, kufanele amehlo akho ahlolwe nguchwepheshe.

Umbono we-peripheral owehlisiwe (umbono ohlangothini) uvamile kubantu abadala. Lokhu kungakhawulela umsebenzi wakho kanye namandla okusebenzisana nabanye. Kungaba nzima ukuxhumana nabantu abahleli eduze kwakho ngoba awukwazi ukubabona kahle. Ukushayela kungaba yingozi.

Imisipha yamehlo ebuthakathaka ingakuvimba ekuhambiseni amehlo akho kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kungaba nzima ukubheka phezulu. Indawo lapho izinto zingabonakala khona (inkambu ebonakalayo) incipha.

Amehlo agugayo nawo angeke akhiqize izinyembezi ezanele. Lokhu kuholela emehlweni ome okungenzeka angakhululeki. Lapho amehlo omile engalashwa, ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokulimala kwe-cornea kungenzeka. Ungakhulula amehlo omile ngokusebenzisa amaconsi wamehlo noma izinyembezi zokufakelwa.

Izinkinga ezivamile zamehlo ezenza izinguquko zombono ezingezona ezejwayelekile zifaka:

• I-Cataract - ukufiphalisa ilensi yeso
• I-Glaucoma - ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi esweni
• Ukwehla kwesifo se-Macular - isifo ku-macula (esibhekele umbono ophakathi) esibangela ukulahleka kombono
• I-Retinopathy - isifo ku-retina esivame ukubangelwa yisifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Uma unezinkinga zombono, xoxa ngezimpawu zakho nomhlinzeki wakho.

Nambitha futhi unuke

Izinzwa zokunambitha nephunga zisebenza ndawonye. Ukuthanda okuningi kuxhunyaniswa nephunga. Umuzwa wephunga uqala emaphethelweni ezinzwa aphakeme engxenyeni yekhala.

Unezinhlamvu zokunambitha ezingaba ngu-10,000. Izinhlamvu zakho zokunambitha zizwa ukunambitheka okumnandi, okunosawoti, okumuncu, okumunyu, kanye ne-umami. I-Umami ukunambitheka okuxhunyaniswe nokudla okuqukethe i-glutamate, njenge-seasoning monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Iphunga nokunambitha kudlala indima ekujabuleleni kokudla nasekuphepheni. Ukudla okumnandi noma iphunga elimnandi kungathuthukisa ukuxhumana komphakathi nokujabulela impilo. Iphunga nokunambitha nakho kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ingozi, njengokudla okonakele, amagesi, nentuthu.

Inani lamaqabunga okunambitha liyancipha njengoba ukhula. Isigaxa ngasinye sokunambitheka esisele naso siqala ukuncipha. Ukuzwela kokuthandwayo okuhlanu kuvame ukwehla ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-60. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlomo wakho ukhiqiza amathe amancane njengoba ukhula. Lokhu kungadala umlomo owomile, ongathinta umuzwa wakho wokunambitha.

Umuzwa wakho wokuhogela nawo ungancipha, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-70. Lokhu kungahle kuhlobene nokulahleka kokuphela kwezinzwa nokukhiqizwa kancane kwamafinyila emakhaleni. I-Mucus isiza iphunga ukuthi lihlale emakhaleni isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuthi litholwe yimithambo yemizwa. Kuyasiza futhi ukusula iphunga kusuka ekugcineni kwezinzwa.

Izinto ezithile zingasheshisa ukulahleka kokunambitheka nephunga. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifo, ukubhema, nokuchayeka ezinhlayiyweni eziyingozi emoyeni.

Ukwehla kokunambitha nephunga kunganciphisa isithakazelo sakho nokuthokozela ekudleni. Ungahle ungakwazi ukuzwa izingozi ezithile uma ungakwazi ukuhogela iphunga elifana negesi yemvelo noma intuthu emlilweni.

Uma izinzwa zakho zokunambitha nephunga zinciphile, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho. Okulandelayo kungasiza:

• Shintshela komunye umuthi, uma umuthi owuphuzayo uthinta ikhono lakho lokuhogela nokunambitha.
• Sebenzisa izinongo ezahlukahlukene noma ushintshe indlela okulungisa ngayo ukudla.
• Thenga imikhiqizo yokuphepha, njengomtshina wegesi ozwakala nge-alamu ongayizwa.

Thinta, Vibration, nobuhlungu

Umuzwa wokuthinta ukukwenza wazi ngobuhlungu, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukudlidliza, nokuma komzimba. Isikhumba, imisipha, imisipha, amalunga, kanye nezitho zangaphakathi zinokuphela kwemizwa (ama-receptors) athola le mizwa. Amanye ama-receptors anikeza ulwazi lobuchopho ngesimo nesimo sezitho zangaphakathi. Yize ungahle ungalwazi lolu lwazi, kuyasiza ukukhomba ushintsho (ngokwesibonelo, ubuhlungu be-appendicitis).

Ingqondo yakho ihumusha uhlobo nenani lokuthinta kokuzwa. Iphinde ihumushe umuzwa njengobumnandi (njengokufudumala kamnandi), ongathandeki (njengokushisa kakhulu), noma ongathathi hlangothi (njengokwazi ukuthi uthinta okuthile).

Ngokuguga, imizwa ingancishiswa noma ishintshwe. Lezi zinguquko zingenzeka ngenxa yokwehla kokugeleza kwegazi kuye emaphethelweni ezinzwa noma entanjeni yomgogodla noma ebuchosheni. Intambo yomgogodla idlulisa amasiginali wezinzwa nobuchopho buhumusha lezi zimpawu.

Izinkinga zempilo, njengokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezithile, nazo zingadala ushintsho lokuzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho, izinkinga ebuchosheni, ukudideka, nokulimala kwemizwa ngenxa yokulimala noma izifo zesikhathi eside (ezingamahlalakhona) njengesifo sikashukela nakho kungaholela ekuguqukeni kwemizwa.

Izimpawu zemizwa eshintshile ziyehluka ngokuya ngesizathu.Ngokuncipha kokuzwela kwamazinga okushisa, kungaba nzima ukutshela umehluko phakathi kokupholile nokubanda nokushisa nokufudumele. Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi bokulimala kusuka ku-frostbite, i-hypothermia (izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi eliyingozi), nokusha.

Ukwehla kwekhono lokuthola ukudlidlizela, ukuthinta, kanye nengcindezi kwandisa ingozi yokulimala, kufaka phakathi izilonda zengcindezi (izilonda zesikhumba ezikhula lapho ingcindezi inciphisa ukunikezwa kwegazi endaweni). Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50, abantu abaningi banciphise ukuzwela ebuhlungwini. Noma ungabuzwa futhi ububone ubuhlungu, kepha abukukhathazi. Isibonelo, uma ulimele, ungahle ungazi ukuthi ukulimala kubi kangakanani ngoba ubuhlungu abukukhathazi.

Ungahle ube nezinkinga zokuhamba ngenxa yekhono elincishisiwe lokubona ukuthi umzimba wakho ukuphi phansi. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuwa, inkinga evamile kubantu asebekhulile.

Abantu abadala bangazwela kakhudlwana lapho kuthintwa ukukhanya ngoba isikhumba sabo sincane.

Uma uqaphele izinguquko ekuthinteni, ebuhlungwini, noma ezinkingeni zokuma noma ukuhamba, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho. Kungaba nezindlela zokuphatha izimpawu.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingakusiza ukuthi uhlale uphephile:

• Yehlisa ukushisa kwesifudumezi samanzi kungabi ngaphezu kwe-120 ° F (49 ° C) ukugwema ukusha.
• Hlola izinga lokushisa ukuze unqume ukuthi ugqoka kanjani, kunokuba ulinde uze uzizwe ushisa ngokweqile noma ubanda.
• Hlola isikhumba sakho, ikakhulukazi izinyawo zakho, ukuthola ukulimala. Uma uthola ukulimala, kulaphe. Ungacabangi ukuthi ukulimala akukubi ngoba indawo ayibuhlungu.

EZINYE IZINGUQUKO

Njengoba ukhula, uzoba nolunye ushintsho, olufaka:

• Kwezitho, izicubu, namaseli
• Esikhumbeni
• Emathanjeni, emisipheni nasemalungeni
• Ebusweni
• Kuhlelo lwemizwa

• Izinguquko zokuguga ekuzweni
• Izinsiza-kuzwa
• Ulimi
• Inzwa yokubona
• I-anatomy yamehlo esegugile

I-Emmett SD. I-Otolaryngology kubantu asebekhulile. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 13.

U-Studenski S, uVan Swearingen J. Falls. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ama-eds. Incwadi kaBrocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine ne-Gerontology. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahl. 103.

UWalston JD. I-sequelae ejwayelekile yomtholampilo yokuguga. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 22.